Psychology: Last chance

Behavioral perspective

Observable behavior, believes behavior is learned via conditioning, behavior is shaped through rewards punishments and environment

Psychodynamic Perspective

Unconscious mind, childhood and unresolved internal conflicts shape/affect behavior

Humanistic-Phenomenological Perspective

Free will and personal choice. Focuses on personal growth and values individual experiences, feelings, and subjective perceptions

Bio-physiological Perspective

Brain and nervous system. Examines role of genes, hormones and neurotransmitters. Focuses on how biological and physiological processes determine behavior

Experimental Method

Manipulating variables and controlling conditions

Case study

Focuses on one person, group or event in great detaik

Naturalistic Obersvation

Allows observation without interference to see how people act in a natural setting

Independent vs Confounding Variable

Factor that is changed or manipulated vs outside factor that could affect results

Dependent Variable vs Control Condition

what is measured vs whole group receiving the same trratment

Negative Reinforcement vs Positive Punishment

Removing unpleasant stimulus after desired behavior occurs(increases likelihood) vs adding unpleasant stimulus after undesired behavior occurs(decreases likelihood)

Absolute vs Difference threshold

Smallest amount of stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time vs the difference between two stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time

Id vs Ego vs Supergo

Wanting immediate satisfaction of desires vs trying to satisfy desires in an acceptable way vs focus on morality, rules, and conscience

Projective Personality Test vs Self Report

asking people to interpret ambiguous stimuli vs using standardized questions and scoring

Fundamental Attribution Error

Overestimation of internal factors(personality, character, traits) while ignoring external factors when explaining other people’s behavior

Competence vs Relatedness vs Autonomy

the need to feel skilled at what you do vs the need to feel a sense of belonging vs the need to feel independent and in control of your own life

Founder of Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner

Founder of Social Learning Theory and Cognitive Developmeny

Albert Bandura and Jean Piaget

Founder of Client-Centered Humanistic Therapy and Psychoanalysis/Unconscious Dynamics

Carl Rogers and Sigmund Freud

Founder of Triarchic Theory of Intelligence and Situationist/Personality Critique

Robert Sternberg and Walter Mischel

Client-Centered Humanistic Theory

Growth via empathy, unconditional positive regard and genuineness

Client-Centered Humanistic Theory

Growth via empathy, unconditional positive regard and genuineness

Triarchic Theory of Intelligenece

Intelligence includes Analytical, Practical and Creativity

Hippocampus

turning short term explicit memories into long term

Cerebellum

Motor coordination, balance and procedural muscle memory

Occipital lobe

Visual processing and interpreting sight

Amyglada

Expressing and processing raw emotions

Temporal lobe

Language comprehension and auditory processing

Frontal lobe

Decision making, planning and personality

Thalamus

Relaying sensory signals to cortical areas