public speaking final exam

When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means that public speaking is

a way to make a difference in something we care about.

To say that public speaking is a way to make a difference about something we care about is to recognize that public speaking is

a form of empowerment.

How much time does the average adult spend in conversation?

about 30 percent of waking hours

When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra _________Blank, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.

adrenaline

According to your textbook, rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright, you should aim at transforming it into

positive nervousness.

The teaching and study of public speaking began more than 4,000 years ago.

true

Public speaking requires the same method of delivery as ordinary conversation.

false

Public speaking is more highly structured than everyday conversation.

true

When you adjust to the situation of a public speech, you are doing on a larger scale what you do every day in conversation.

true

As a speaker, you can usually assume that an audience will be interested in what you have to say.

false

Fortunately, stage fright only affects inexperienced speakers.

false

Most successful speakers are nervous before taking the floor.

true

Some nervousness before you speak is usually beneficial.

true

Speakers who think positively about themselves and the speech experience are more likely to overcome their stage fright than are speakers who think negatively.

true

Researchers suggest that you counter every negative thought you have about your speeches with at least five positive ones.

true

Speechmaking is a form of power and therefore carries with it heavy __________Blank responsibilities.

ethical

Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking?

Be fully prepared for each speech.

Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking?

Make sure your goals are ethically sound.

Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking?

Both put ethical principles into practice and make sure your goals are ethically sound.

All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethical speechmaking except

explain your credibility on the speech topic.

Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to avoid plagiarism?

Get an early start on researching and preparing your speech.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to keep from plagiarizing?

Get an early start on researching and preparing your speech.

According to your textbook, global plagiarism occurs when a person

takes a speech entirely from one source and passes it off as her or his own.

Tanya went to the beach instead of staying in town and working on her speech. When she realized how soon the speech was due, she asked a friend who had already taken public speaking to loan her an old outline, which she used verbatim for her class speech. Which of the following statements best describes Tanya's actions?

Tanya is guilty of global plagiarism.

According to your textbook, __________Blank plagiarism occurs when a speaker copies word for word from two or three sources.

patchwork

Ethical decisions need to be justified against a set of standards or criteria.

true

Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines.

true

Because ethical decisions are complex, ethical choices are simply a matter of personal preference.

false

As your textbook explains, ethical decisions are essentially a matter of personal whim or opinion.

false

Public speakers need to take their ethical responsibilities as seriously as their strategic objectives.

true

Because the aim of speechmaking is to secure a desired response from listeners, speakers need to give their strategic objectives priority over their ethical obligations.

false

Unlike writers, public speakers can present other people's ideas as their own without being guilty of plagiarism.

false

Just as you need to give credit to the authors of print books and articles that you quote or paraphrase in your speech, so you need to give credit to the authors of Internet documents.

true

If a Web page is not copyright protected, then it is ethical to cut and paste sections of the page into your speech without citing your source.

false

Because opinions on the Internet are free for anyone to use, it is ethical to use them in your speech without citing your source.

false

People spend more time __________ than in any other communication activity.

listening

Even when we are listening carefully, we usually grasp only about __________Blank percent of what we hear.

50

When business managers are asked to list the communication skills most crucial to their job, they usually rank __________Blank number one.

listening

A new class registration system has been established on campus. Tonight, a representative from the Registrar's office will speak about how to use the new system. You will be listening to the speaker in hopes of understanding the steps involved in registering for classes next semester. As explained in your textbook, you will be engaged in ___________Blank listening.

comprehensive

According to your textbook, when you listen to evaluate a speaker's message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it, what kind of listening is involved?

critical

Natasha and Ramone are listening to a realtor who is encouraging them to buy a house they looked at earlier in the day. As they listen, they are trying to decide whether or not to purchase the house. According to your textbook, Natahsa and Ramone are engaged in __________ listening

critical

Today was Samantha’s birthday, and her friends were taking her out for a surprise evening. It was hard enough to pay attention to speeches on a hot afternoon, but Samantha’s mind kept wandering to what her friends might be planning—and who might be coming. According to your textbook, the most important cause of Samantha’s poor listening was

not concentrating.

Margaret is passionately committed to animal rights. At an evening lecture required for her biology class, she learned that the title of the speaker's talk was "The Importance of Animal Experimentation to Medical Advances." Offended and sure that the speaker had nothing ethical or interesting to say, Margaret ignored everything the speaker said and spent the whole lecture sending outraged tweets to other animal activists. According to your textbook, the primary cause of Margaret's poor listening was

jumping to conclusions.

Ted is listening to the introduction of Janine's speech when he thinks to himself, "This is really going to be boring." What aspect of poor listening identified in your textbook is Ted exhibiting in this example?

jumping to conclusions.

People spend more time listening than in any other communicative activity.

true

You can improve your own speeches by listening carefully to the speeches of other people.

true

According to your textbook, a skilled therapist listening to a patient is an example of appreciative listening.

false

When you listen to the campaign speech of a political candidate for the purpose of accepting or rejecting the speaker's message, you are engaged in empathic listening.

false

One of the major barriers to effective communication is that the brain can process words much faster than a speaker can talk.

true

The aim of active listening is to set aside one's own frame of reference and, as far as possible, to listen from within the speaker's frame of reference.

true

Jumping to conclusions can be a barrier to effective listening even when a speaker and a listener know each other very well.

true

Suspending judgment means that you need to accept uncritically whatever a speaker says.

false

According to your textbook, when focusing your listening, you should concentrate on a speaker's main points, evidence, and technique.

true

Note taking is usually a barrier to effective listening.

false

According to your textbook, a common mistake students make when developing their first speech is

trying to cover too much material.

Which of the following is appropriate when using humor in a public speech?

gently making fun of common human quirks

As explained in your textbook, the three main parts of a speech are called

the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.

When you use the __________Blank method of delivery, you become so familiar with the substance of your speech that you need only a few brief notes to jog your memory.

extemporaneous

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes is called a(n) __________

extemporaneous

Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do when rehearsing your first speech?

Ask family members or friends for feedback.

Much of the anxiety associated with public speaking comes from lack of experience giving speeches.

true

One of the most common mistakes students make on their first speech is trying to cover too much.

true

Each main point in the body of your first speech should cover a single aspect of the topic.

true

The topical method of speech organization follows a time pattern.

false

Taking a moment to look at your audience and smile before you begin to speak can help you establish rapport with them.

true

When it is your turn to speak, you should hurry to the front of the room and start talking immediately so you don't lose the audience's attention.

false

When you give your speech, you should try to make eye contact with your audience as much as you can.

true

When you give a speech, you should try to have the same expressiveness in your voice as you have in ordinary conversation.

true

Most of the nervousness a speaker feels internally is usually not visible to the audience.

true

Nervousness is normal when delivering a speech.

true

According to your textbook, brainstorming is especially helpful when you are having trouble

choosing a speech topic.

The process of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas is known as

brainstorming

After choosing a topic, what is the next step of speech preparation?

determining the general purpose

When the general purpose of your speech is to _________Blank, you act primarily as a teacher or lecturer

inform

When the general purpose of your speech is to __________Blank you act primarily as an advocate.

persuade

"To inform my audience about the history of the Congressional filibuster" is an example of a

specific purpose.

"To persuade my audience to volunteer regularly in their community and to join the Peace Corps after college" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement for a classroom speech because it

contains more than one distinct idea.

As a specific purpose statement, "To inform my audience about climate change" is too

broad

"The three kinds of bait used to attract fish are live bait, prepared bait, and artificial bait" is an example of a

central idea

"What are the four steps in making pottery?" is a poorly phrased central idea for an informative speech because

it is written as a question rather than as a statement.

You should usually avoid drawing on your personal knowledge or experience when choosing a speech topic.

false

After choosing a topic, the next step in speech preparation is determining your general purpose.

true

Most often, a speaker's general purpose will fall into one of two categories—to inform or to demonstrate.

false

The following is an example of an effective specific purpose statement for a speech: "The five most common types of volcanoes are the cinder cone volcano, the shield volcano, the strato-volcano, the giant caldera, and the fissure volcano."

false

"To inform my audience of the major accomplishments of the space shuttle program" is a well-worded specific purpose statement for an informative speech.

true

"To persuade my audience that the federal government should require seat belts on all school buses" is an example of a well-worded specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech.

true

The central idea of a speech should be expressed as a full sentence.

true

"The three most distinctive traits of Chow Chows are their black tongues, their thick coats, and their manes" is an example of a well-worded central idea for a speech.

true

"The three major expenses for people traveling abroad are transportation, food, and lodging" is an example of an effective specific purpose statement for a speech.

false

The following is an effective central idea for a speech to persuade: "You should vote a $10 increase in student fees to pay for a new fitness center because the current one is too small and its equipment is out of date."

true

As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to

gain a desired response from listeners.

In her speech introduction, Kailyn asked, "Have you ever looked through old family photo albums and laughed at what people were wearing? Like many of you, I've noticed the changes in fashion and feared that my effort to look stylish today may eventually be a source of amusement to my future children." According to your textbook, by attempting to show her listeners why they should care about her topic, Kailyn was

adapting to her audience.

The fact that audiences are egocentric means that

listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them.

As Amanda analyzed the audience for her speech about organic foods, she focused on such things as their gender identity, age, and cultural background. In doing so, she was engaging in ____________Blank audience analysis.

demographic

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people or assuming that all members of the group are alike is called

stereotyping

If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience arguing that all children should be required to use standard English in the public schools, the most important factor to consider in audience analysis would probably be

the ethnic background of the audience.

As a member of the City Council, you have been invited to address the city's bicycling club about the mayor's plan to create additional bike routes. The most important demographic factor you should consider when analyzing your audience is probably its

group membership

According to your textbook, what are the three primary factors to consider when assessing an audience's disposition toward a speech topic?

knowledge, interest, and attitude

Fran Breit, the golf pro at a local municipal course, has been asked by a social club to give a talk about how to play golf. What is probably the most important factor for Fran to consider in preparing her presentation?

the audience's knowledge of the topic

The classroom is an artificial speaking situation in which you can overlook the attitudes and interests of your audience.

false