TEXTILES EXAM 3

Yarn

continuous strand fibers created when fibers are twisted together

Spun Yarn

yarn made by taking a group of short staple fibers, or cut from the longer continuous filament fibers, and then twisting them to form a yarn

Filament Yarn

manufactured fiber of continuous length extruded from the spinneret during the fiber production process

the only natural fiber that comes in filament form

silk

Textured Filament

yarns that result after undergoing the texturizing process, which can create crimping, and otherwise modify the filament yarn for he purpose of increasing cover, abrasion resistance, insulation, warmth resilience, or moisture absorption, and to provide a different surface texture

yarn twist

the number of turns and the direction that yarns are turned during the manufacturing process; brings the fibers close together and makes them compact and increases length

piled yarns

twisting together of two or more single yarns

roving

a long, narrow bundle of fiber

sliver

a continuous bundle of loosely assembled untwisted fibers

ring spinning

a system of spinning, using a __ frame that drafts the roving, twists the yarn, and winds it on the bobbin continuously and simultaneously on one operation

open ended spinning

no spindle is used, faster than ring spinning

carding

aligning in a semi parallel manor, removes the shortest fibers and dirt

combed

additional step after carding, the fibers are arranged in a highly parallel form, and additional short fibers are removed, producing high quality yarns with excellent strength, fineness, and uniformity

two types of yarn twist

s and z

what length fibers are spun yarns made from?

staple length

what length fibers are filament yarns made from?

filament length

which type of yarn is used for warmth, softness, and lightness?

spun yarns

what type of yarn is used for smoothness and luster?

filament yarns

Denier System

used for filament fibers and filament yarns; the lower the number the finer the yarn (the higher the number the thicker the yarn)

Tex System

system that uses grams per 1,000 meter and is intended to replace existing systems

Yarn Count System

the lower the thicker the yarn

Chenille Yarn

composed of tufts of staple fiber held between plied yarns; resembles a caterpillar in appearance; originally made from cut-pile fabric held by the core yarn

fleck yarns

a mixture of spotted or short streaky appearance, due to the introduction of a minority of fibers of different color and/or luster

gimp yarn

yarn made of one or more strands twisted around a usually finer central ground yarn and overfed to form a clear spiral wrapping

ikat yarns

warp yarns dyed to a pattern by preventing dye penetration by tightly binding sections of warp

jaspe yarns

skein dyed yarns in two tones of the same color or with two different colors

knop yarns

yarns that contain prominent bunches of one or more its its component threads, arranged at regular intervals along its length

loop yarns

compound yarns comprising a twisted core with an effect yarn wrapped around it so as to produce wavy projections on its surface (boucle)

marl yarns

created by twisting two strands of different colors or shades

multi-count yarns

yarns in which the thickness is varied for much longer lengths than found in normal slub yarns; appearance produces heavy and light streaks in the fabric

slub yarns

variation of spun yarns in which dramatic changes in width occur along the length of the yarn, creating __, or short thick places

woven fabric

fabrics composed of two sets of yarns (warp and fill)

warp

in woven fabric, the yarns that run lengthwise

filling

in woven fabric, the yarns that run widthwise

selvage

the thin compressed edge of a woven fabric which runs parallel to the warp yarns (prevents the fabric form raveling)

bias

cutting the woven fabric 45% to the straight grain, giving it better drape

plain weave

a basic weave, utilizing a simple alternate interlacing of warp and filling yarns (any fiber can be used)

basket weave

a variation of the plain weave, formed by treating two or more warp yarns and/or two or more filling yarns as one unit when weaving

twill weave

a basic weave in a diagonal effect is found on the face of the fabric

satin weave

a basic weave using filament yarns in which yarns float to the face, the warp yarns float over the filling (lustrous)

loom

a machine used for weaving fabrics

shuttle

the boat-like devise on weaving machines, which carries the filling yarn across the fabric

batiste

a medium-weight, plain weave fabric, usually made of cotton or cotton blend

bedford cord

a cord cotton-like fabric with raised ridges in the warp direction (lowkey cordurouy)

broadcloth

a plain weave tightly woven fabric, characterized by a slight ridge effect in one direction, usually the filling

calico

a tightly woven cotton/cotton blend fabric with an all-over print, usually a small floral pattern on a contrasting background color

crinoline

a lightweight, plain weave, stiffened fabric with a low yarn count (sheer with big gaps)

eyelet

contains patterned cut-outs, around the cut-outs are stitching or printing (similar to __ lace)

nainsook

a lightweight plain weave, usually finished to create a luster and a soft hand (a little sheer and cloudy)

pongee

plain weave, with slubs

poplin

rib plain weave; slight ridge in the filling

rip-stop nylon

plain weave fabric, rib yarns stop tears without adding weight (some have slight grids or texture)