Radiologic Physics, Equipment & Maintenance

A set of 100 flashcards based on the Radiologic Physics, Equipment & Maintenance lecture notes and exam prep materials.

What is the new mAs if the existing factor of $10\,mAs$ is to be changed to $300\,mA$ and $0.01\,s$?

$$3$$

What is the meaning of lead equivalence of a lead apron?

Equal to stopping power of lead for x-ray

Which property of a viewing box is the priority for a quality control test?

Uniform light output intensity

Which group or individual has the ovaries as their reproductive organs according to the transcript?

Woman

The energy produced by the characteristic x-ray is characteristic of ?

Electronic binding energy

What is the best first aid treatment for a processing chemical splash in the eye?

Wash thoroughly

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a diagnostic x-ray beam?

Mono energetic

What happens to the x-ray intensity if the distance from a point source is tripled?

Reduces to one ninth

Which biological response relationship effect will exhibit a threshold type of radiation dose

Cataract

What are the bases of radiation protection guidelines according to the options provided?

Stochastic effects and Linear non-threshold dose response relationship

Which statement is NOT true regarding exposure time when taking radiographs?

Exposure time is increased if mA is increased.

What type of graph shows the allowable exposure factors mA, kVp, and time combination for all x-ray tubes?

Radiographic rating chart

Which of the following is NOT produced during ionization of matter?

Neutron

Which of the following is NOT an x-ray grid specification?

Line per inch

What are changes to DNA rather than the chromosomes called?

Point mutation

What type of x-ray unit will give the least amount of voltage ripple?

3 phase, 12 pulses

Which of the following is NOT a particulate type of radiation?

Gamma

What is most probably the reason why tungsten is used as an x-ray target?

High melting point

Which particle will be most likely to be attracted to an anode?

Electron

Which atom has the least composition in the human body according to the provided list?

Nitrogen

Which technical factor will most likely contribute to radiographic contrast?

$$kVp$$

Which law states that the radio sensitivity of tissues depends on their maturity and metabolism?

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau

If the acceptable kVp test accuracy is $+-5\%$, what indicated kVp values are acceptable if the actual measured value was $100\,kVp$?

$95$, $100$, and $105$

If the distance from an x-ray source is halved, the radiation intensity increases by a factor of what?

$$4$$

What is the most likely tube current ($mA$) used in fluoroscopy?

$$5$$

Who must hold the patient during diagnostic x-ray procedures when assistance is needed?

Companion of patient

Which circuitry is characterized by the mAs varying continuously during the exposure?

Falling load

What is a sensitometer?

A device used for making the light output of intensifying [screens]

According to the transcript, which factor is NOT considered among those that determine shielding thickness?

$$mAs$$

What device controls the replenishment system of the film processor?

Float valve

Which of the following does the nucleus NOT contain?

Lipids

Which of the following will NOT affect x-ray quality?

$$mAs$$

What most closely describes how radiation will interact with a target molecule?

Randoml

Compared to a $50\,kVp$ x-ray photon, a $100\,kVp$ x-ray photon has a what?

Higher frequency

What does the term optical base density refer to?

Optical density of base

Which interaction or property does NOT apply to diagnostic x-ray according to the listed choices?

Reflection

What is the dose reduction in percent for a radiographer who stands $2\,m$ away from the patient instead of $1\,m$?

$$75$$

If there are $2000$ films with a $10\%$ reject rate, and $2\%$ of those rejects are caused by darkroom errors, how many films are darkroom-related errors?

$$4$$

Which component is found in the positive electrode side of the x-ray tube?

Anode

Which material characteristic can readily transmit all incident x-ray?

Radioparent

In a normal radiographic set up, what is true regarding magnification?

Longer FFD reduces magnification

Which phenomenon is characterized by the non-uniformity of x-ray intensity production along the central ray?

Anode heel effect

What is the best method to use for reducing radiation doses in a radiographic procedure?

Time, distance, shielding

Which of the following is NOT a radiation damage model of the human chromosome?

Normal aberration

Which items are included in the ICRP system of dose limitation?

Justification, Optimization, and Dose Limitation

If SID is doubled, radiographic density is what?

Reduced by one fourth

In the equation $E=hf$, what does the $h$ represent?

Planks constant

If the secondary coil has $500$ more turns than the primary coil, what is the relationship of the secondary voltage to the primary voltage?

$$500:1$$

What is the maximum voltage that crosses the x-ray tube during a complete wavelength?

$$kVp$$

A dual filament cathode is capable of giving focus in what sizes?

Small and large focus

A chest x-ray examination will most likely use focus of what size?

$$1\,mm$$

In the rule of thumb, what is the effect on the mAs if the $kVp$ is increased by $15\%$?

Half

How many $mGy$ are in $10\,Gy$?

$$10,000$$

What is the most likely reason grids are not used in ward chest radiography?

Grid alignment is difficult

Which of the following is NOT a known type of energy loss in a transformer?

Friction losses

What is a spinning top test used to check?

Accuracy of the time

In what way is an mAs control used in some units?

Single knob adjustment of time and ma

Which of the following tissues is the most radiosensitive?

Bone marrow

How is testing for constancy of radiation output for an x-ray unit performed?

Make 3 exposures keeping the kVp and mAs the same but varying the mA and time

Who must assist and hold the patient during the conduct of a radiographic procedure (similar to question 26)?

Companion of patient

What is the unit used to measure radiographic workload?

$$mA\,min/wk$$

Which is considered the most abundant macromolecule in the human body?

Water

Which type of emission is NOT likely to follow the inverse square law?

Skylight

How many diodes are found in a full wave rectified x-ray unit?

$$4$$

Death occurs in the G.I. (Gastrointestinal) syndrome primarily because of what?

Damaged lining of intestines

Which electromagnetic radiation is in the diagnostic x-ray region?

$$65\,Kev$$

Which radiation-induced cancer appears to have a threshold?

Skin cancer

Which factor cannot be determined by an H and D curve of a processor control chart?

Recorded detail

Which of the following is NOT included as a stage/syndrome in acute radiation syndrome?

Latent

Which of the following is least likely to be categorized as an x-ray detector?

Photo multiplier tube

Which factor is least likely to affect the screen film imaging system?

Cassette dimensions

If a fluoroscope operates at $95\,kVp$ and $2\,mA$, what is the power consumption?

$$190\,W$$

What is the best method for a radiologic technologist to use for reducing radiation doses in a fluoroscopic x-ray procedure?

Time, distance, shielding

What is the protocol if a lid was accidentally left open on a box of unexposed films in white light?

Process three films and inspect

Which of the following has the longest wavelength?

Microwave

What type of transformer is the filament transformer?

A step down transformer

What requirement must be followed when film is loaded for mammography?

The radiographic intensifying screen should be on the x-ray tube side of film

What should a radiologic technologist first do if a patient is found to be pregnant after an x-ray procedure?

Report the situation to the radiologist / radiation protection officer for corrective action.

Which of the following will NOT increase film fog?

Excessively strong fixation

If the output of an x-ray unit is $8\,R/mA - minute$, what is the exposure in $R$ for $2\,mA$ and $3\,minutes$ of fluoroscopy?

$$48$$

Which of the following is NOT one of the major systems of an automatic processor?

Electrical system

What type of graph shows the allowable exposure factors (mA, kVp, and time combination) for an x-ray tube?

Radiographic rating chart

Which of the following is a method for electrification?

Induction

For electromagnetic radiation, what increases as photon energy increases?

Frequency

What is the percentage of cells that survived if $100$ cells died out of a $10,000$ cell population?

$$99$$

Electrons passing through matter lose energy primarily by producing which of the following?

Bremmstrahlung

Which test should be the first performed when starting a quality control program for an x-ray machine?

Output constancy

How many total films were analyzed if there were $50$ reject films and the analysis showed a $5\%$ reject rate?

$$1000$$

Which of the following is an example of a stochastic effect of radiation?

Lifespan shortening

How is the optimum development time for a processor determined?

Develop test strips for differing times and compare.

Which of the following is NOT needed to produce x-ray?

Filter

Which atom has the least composition in the body (from the list of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen)?

Nitrogen

What is a transformer called where the voltage of the secondary winding is higher than the primary?

Step up

In the equation $E=mc^2$, what does the $c$ represent?

Speed of light

Which material is NOT used as the output phosphor of the image intensifier?

TLD

What is the tolerance limit of the x-ray beam exposure linearity test?

$$10\%$$

What is the estimated annual dose in $mSv$ for a technologist working $8\,hrs/day$, $5\,days/wk$, for $200\,days/year$ with a dose rate of $20\,microsievert/hr$?

$$32$$

Which of the following has the highest photon energy?

X-ray

Which tissue has the highest radiosensitivity?

Gonad

What is NOT true regarding x-ray tube rating?

Full wave and half wave rectified x-ray tubes have same ratings