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Heart
The organ that functions as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body.
Mediastinum
The region of the thorax between the lungs that contains the heart, aorta, and other structures.
Visceral layer
The inner layer of the pericardium that is in direct contact with the heart.
Myocardium
The muscular tissue of the heart responsible for contraction.
Atria
The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning from the body.
Ventricles
The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart.
Chordae tendineae
Tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the heart valves, preventing backflow of blood.
Pacemaker cells
Cells that initiate electrical impulses in the heart, setting the rhythm of contractions.
Pericardium
The double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
Epinephrine
A hormone that increases heart rate and contractility, often associated with the body's 'fight-or-flight' response.
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