Ch. 19 Evolution

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adaptation

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15 Terms

1

adaptation

Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment.

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2

analogous

Having characteristics that are similar because of convergent evolution, not homology.

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3

artificial selection

The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits.

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4

biogeography

The scientific study of the past and present geographic distributions of species.

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5

convergent evolution

The evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages.

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6

endemic

Referring to a species that is confined to a specific geographic area.

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7

evolution

Descent with modification; the process by which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time; also defined as a change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation.

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8

fossil

A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past.

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9

homologous structures

Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.

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10

homology

Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry.

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11

natural selection

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

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12

paleontology

The scientific study of fossils.

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13

Pangaea

The supercontinent that formed near the end of the Paleozoic era, when plate movements brought all the landmasses of Earth together.

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14

strata

A rock layer formed when new layers of sediment cover older ones and compress them.

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15

vestigial structure

A feature of an organism that is a historical remnant of a structure that served a function in the organism's ancestors.

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