Diagnostic Imaging- Final Exam: US Pt. 5 Vasculature, LNs, and Retroperitoneal Spaces

A- aorta

EI- external iliac artery

II- internal iliac artery

ID vasculature on US

right intercostal window

which window can you see the hepatic hilus?

red- portal vein

green- aorta

ID green and red

red- portal vein

green- aorta

ID red and green

aorta

which is more dorsal: aorta or portal vein?

splenic vein

ID red structure in abdomen

portal vein

the splenic vein drains into what?

-external iliacs

-internal iliacs

-median sacral

what are the arteries involved in the aorta trifurcation?

external iliac arteries

what arteries are the yellow arrows? (apart of the aortic trifurcation)

red- external iliac a.

blue- internal iliac a.

ID red and blue arrows (aortic trifurcation)

red- vena cava

blue- aorta

red- right side of body

blue- left side of body

orientation- transverse b/c round

ID red and blue, which one is on the right side of the body and which is on the left? what orientation is this?

vena cava

is the vena cava or aorta squishy?

anechoic

in a vascular US, normal blood is what echogenicity?

-dilation

-thrombi

-aneurysms

-"smoke"

-shunts

-abnormal flow

when evaluating vessels for abnormalities, what should you look for?

abnormal clot

what abnormality in this vessel?

dilation of abdominal aorta

what is the abnormality in this aorta indicated by the red?

red- caudal vena cava

blue- aorta

what is the red and blue vasculature?

direction and relative velocity of flow

when evaluating vasculature, doppler color identifies what?

slow flow, nondirectional

power doppler is sensitive to what?

velocity of flow in specific vessel

when evaluating vasculature, doppler pulsed wave evaluates what?

used for high velocity flows in echocardiography

continuous waves in a doppler are used for what?

probe angle

doppler signal is dependent on ________?

Blue Away Red Towards

what does BART stand for?

identifies direction and relative velocity of flow

the doppler does what?

blue- away

red- towards

which vessel's blood flow is towards the probe and which is away?

the doppler would have flashes of color

if the animal were panting, what would the doppler do?

power doppler

what type of doppler is this?

color

blood flow causes changes in _______

velocity and direction of flow in a specific vessel

what does a pulsed wave doppler evaluate?

aorta

ID vessel indicated by red arrow on a pulsed wave doppler

difficult

are normal lymph nodes easy or difficult to find and evaluate on US?

younger

the lymph nodes may be more prominent in ________ patients

lymph node

ID structure

liver, stomach, duodenum, and pancreas

where does the hepatic lymph node drain?

liver, spleen, esophagus, stomach, pancreas

where does the splenic lymph node drain?

diaphragm, liver, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas

where does the gastric lymph node drain?

duodenum, pancreas, and omentum

where does the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node drain?

jejunum, ileum, and pancreas

where does the jejunal lymph node drain?

ileum, cecum, colon, kidneys, adrenals, bladder, uterus, prostate, and gonads

where does the colic lumbar aortic lymph node drain?

ureters, bladder, uterus, prostate, gonads, pelvic/pubic areas, abdominal skin, and muscles

where does the medial iliac, internal iliac and sacral lymph node drain?

lymph node

what structure is this?

oval to fusiform

what is the shape of a normal lymph node?

True

T/F: lymph nodes have smooth margins

isoechoic to mildly hypoechoic to surrounding fat

what is the echogenicity of the lymph nodes?

hilar

______ blood flow may be visualized with doppler (lymph nodes)

longer than they are thick

the lymph nodes should be ________ than they are ______

<0.5

lymph node ratio of short axis: long axis <_____ is normal

~5-8 mm

the dog lymph node should be around how many mm thick?

lymph node

ID structure

lymph node

ID

laterally adjacent to the external iliac arteries

location of the medial iliac lns?

most cranial in the pelvis (and LARGEST)

the medial iliac lns. are the most cranial or caudal in the pelvis?

lower urogenital tract, pelvis, and pelvic limbs

the medial iliac lns. drain what three areas?

-hypoechoic relative to surrounding fat

-hyperechoic relative to vessels

echogenicity of medial iliac lns.?

thin hyperechoic

what is the capsule of the medial iliac lns. echogenicity?

elongated oval shape

what is the shape of the medial iliac lns.?

medial iliac lns.

ID lymph node

medial iliac lns.

ID lymph node (hint: trifurcation near)

jejunal lns.

what are these lns.?

paired

the jejunal lns. are paired or unpaired?

cranial mesenteric

the jejunal lns. are 2 elongated structures on either side of the ____________ artery

jejunum, ileum and pancreas

what do the jejunal lymph nodes drain?

in the mesocolon

where is the colic ln. located?

colic lymph nodes

which lymph node is a group of nodes located adjacent to ileocecocolic junction?

cats

the colic lns. are commonly identified in cats or dogs?

ileum, cecum, and colon

the colic lns. drain what?

colic lymph nodes

which lns. are these?

reactive or neoplastic

lymphadenopathy can be _____ or ______

metastatic

reactive lymphadenopathy is __________

hypoechoic

neoplastic lymohadenopathy is hyperechoic or hypoechoic?

increases size

lymphadenopathy causes what in regards to size?

irregular margination

lymphadenopathy causes what in regards to margination?

left- neoplasia

right- normal/reactive

which medial iliac ln. is neoplastic and which is normal/reactive?

normal

a reactive medial ln. is normal or abnormal?

lymphoma

which abnormality is this?