CH 18 Biology of Microorganisms - Chapter 18 Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 18 of Brock Biology of Microorganisms.

Eukarya

Domain consisting of all organism with eukaryotic cells.

Protists

Microbial eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi.

Endosymbiosis

The process in which one organism lives inside another and both benefit.

Primary Endosymbiosis

The initial acquisition of mitochondria or chloroplasts through engulfing bacteria.

Mitochondria

Organelles derived from bacteria that perform cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts

Organelles that perform photosynthesis, originating from cyanobacteria.

Secondary Endosymbiosis

Engulfing of a eukaryote that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.

Ex: Euglenids

Euglenids are phototrophic protists that possess chloroplasts.

Excavates

A major group of protists including Giardia and Trichomonas.

Diatoms

Unicellular algae with silica cell walls that exhibit radial or pinnate symmetry.

Alveolates

Group characterized by the presence of alveoli beneath the cytoplasmic membrane.

Ciliates

Alveolates known for their cilia used for movement and feeding.

Apicomplexans

Obligate parasites of animals, known for causing diseases like malaria.

Stramenopiles

Group that includes diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.

Golden Algae

Unicellular algae known for their golden-brown color and fucoxanthin.

Brown Algae

Multicellular algae that are primarily marine and vary in color.

Rhizaria

Protists distinguished by their threadlike pseudopodia.

Foraminifera

Marine organisms with shell-like structures called tests.

Radiolarians

Heterotrophic protists with tests made of silica.

Haptophytes

Unicellular phototrophic protists characterized by unique structures and two flagella.

Coccolithophores

Haptophytes known for forming calcite plates, playing roles in the carbon cycle.

Gymnamoebas

Free-living amoebas that inhabit various environments.

Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots that enhance nutrient uptake.

Conidia

Asexual spores produced by fungi, often pigmented and resistant to drying.

Ascomycota

A phylum of fungi known for producing ascospores in a sac-like structure.

Basidiomycota

Fungi characterized by basidia, structures where basidiospores are formed.

Zygomycota

Fungi known for forming zygospores during reproduction.

Microsporidia

Obligate intracellular parasites with significant genome reduction.

Chytridiomycota

Fungi that are often aquatic and produce motile spores.

Entamoebas

Parasitic amoebas that infect vertebrates.

Slime Molds

Organisms that exhibit characteristics of both fungi and protozoa.

Fungal Spores

Reproductive cells that are resistant to harsh environmental conditions.

Fruit Bodies

Macroscopic reproductive structures produced by fungi.

Hyphae

Filamentous structures that make up the body of fungi.

Eukaryotic Diversity

Refers to the vast range of forms and functions within the Eukarya domain.