STS PRELIMS

Science

Knowledge, study about the natural

world based on FACTS

John Heilbron

Science is both a discovery and an invention

Mark Zuckerberg

Views technology as tools that enhance human abilities.

Technology augments human senses and capabilities

Lewis Wolpert

Science provides the best understanding of the world

it is value free

Science is different from technology

Carl Sagan

Warned of society’s dependence on science/tech without understanding it

Believed ignorance of science/tech in society is dangerous

John J. Reilly Center

2018 Ethical Dilemmas in

Science and Technology

Helix

App that lets you explore your own DNA

Robot Priests

Robots like BlessU-2 act as priests or monks

Ransomware

Hackers lock your data and demand payment

Textalyzer

Checks if you used your

phone before a car accident

Sentencing Software

Algorithms helping judges decide punishment

Ancient civilizations

came from Engineering Advances in early civillations.

Ancient civilizations

• Includes tech progress before events like the fall of the western roman for empire and the rise of islam.

Africa

Developed iron working and built ancient monuments (pyramids, towers)

• Created glazed quartzite, brick, buildings, and high-temperature, carbon steel

Stone Age

Marked the use of stone tools by early and human ancestors

Obsidian and other stone tools were common

Bronze age

Period of bronze use, early writing, and urban development

Included advanced artifacts and art

from Egypt, Indus Valley, Greece, etc.

Iron age

Final era of prehistoric tech using iron

Mesopotamia

Among the earliest to use copper, bronze, and later iron

• Invented the wheel and used carts in war

Egypt

• Used simple machines like ramps for building pyramids

• First to map mines and extract gold using fire

• Used papyrus, chariots, and stone vehicles

Greece

Used chariots in festivals and sports, not war

• Developed detailed records of vehicles

and public celebrations

China

Known for the Four Great Inventions:

compass, gunpowder, paper, printing

China

Also invented seismographs, iron ploughs, gas fuel, suspension bridges

• Major contributions noted by researcher Joseph Needham

Roman Empire

Adopted tech from Greeks and others

• Used human, animal, and water power

• Known for architecture (Pantheon),

baths, and infrastructure

Nicolaus copernicus

born in Torun, Poland, proposed the

heliocentric model.

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

Published "______" (1543), stating the Sun is at

the center of the universe.

Giordano Bruno

was executed partly for

promoting Copernican ideas.

Galápagos Islands

Charles Darwin visited the ____, which influenced his theory.

Charles Darwin

Published "On the Origin of Species"

(1859).

Charles Darwin

Placed humans as Part of the evolution not above it.

• Revolutionized biology, science, religion, and society.

Sigmund Freud

founder of

psychoanalysis.

Dr. Fe del Mundo

Invented the bamboo incubator, ideal for rural,

electricity-deprived areas.

Dr. Abrelardo Aguilar

Discovered bacteria leading to erythromycin, a life-

saving antibiotic.

Diosdado Banatao

Created the first single-chip 16- bit microprocessor-based calculator.

Developed the world’s first system logic chip sets and Windows Graphics accelerator

chip, key to modern PC