Anatomy and Physiology I

Flashcards on Anatomy and Physiology I lecture notes.

Anatomy

The scientific study of body structure and parts of the body; it examines the relationship between body parts.

Physiology

The scientific study of functions of living systems.

Basic Assumptions of Science

Natural phenomena have natural causes; nature is predictable and understandable; there are general ‘rules’ or principles that can be used to describe natural events; the same general rules of nature apply wherever natural phenomena occur.

Inductive Reasoning

Specific observations to general conclusions.

Deductive Reasoning

General premises to a specific conclusion.

Ockham’s Razor

‘All things being equal, the simplest solution tends to be the best one.’

Independent Variables

Variables like amount of sunlight, quality of soil, amount of water, amount of fertilizer, quality of fertilizer, and pot size.

Dependent Variables

Variables like plant height, number of flowers, and size of flowers.

Placebo Effect

If you believe it will affect you, IT WILL. If you don't, it won't.

Control Group

A group that does not receive the treatment.

Treatment Group

A group that receives the treatment.

Hierarchy

System of organization involving successive levels with every level of the hierarchy placed into nested groups.

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite changing conditions, either internal or external.

Negative Feedback

Actions are taken to reverse or ‘negate’ a change.

Positive Feedback

Self amplifying systems that lead to deviation from a set point.

Gradient

The rate of regular or graded change in a variable over a distance in a specified direction.

Down Gradient

Going ‘down a gradient’ is passive (no energy is used).

Up Gradient

Going ‘up a gradient’ is active (energy input is required).

Anabolism

Building reactions.

Catabolism

Breakdown reactions.

Observed p-value (statistical significance)

Observed result (value).

Responsiveness

Adjustment.