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Simile
a comparison made using the words “like” or “as”
Metaphor
a comparison made not using “like” or “as”
Imagery
pictures or sensations in your mind as you read
Theme
the message of the piece; main idea
POV
the person in which is speaking in a story; 1st person, “i” “me”; 2nd person, “you”; 3rd person, “she” “he” “her’s” “his”
Symbol
something in the story that represents a broader concept
Indirect Characterization
whenever the author describes a character by showing the reader
Direct Characterization
whenever the author describes a character by telling the reader
Setting
where a piece takes place
Plot Diagram
a diagram that represents the rise and fall of a plot; includes major plot points (ie. exposition, inciting action, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution, etc.)
Dialogue
when a character speaks; “I’m so bored.” He stated.
Round Character
has multiple areas of their personality; he was kind to others but when alone, he was serious and gloomy
Flat Character
has only one plane to their personality; he was always kind.
Dynamic Character
their personality changes throughout the story; character development
Static Character
their personality stayed the same throughout the story; no development
Tone
the way in which a character speaks or the author writes; happy tone, sad tone, indifferent tone
Twist Ending
whenever something happens at the end of a story that was not expected; they both loved each other and wished to get married, she got stabbed in the square by a Roman leader
Types of Conflict
person vs. person; person vs. society; person vs. self; person vs. supernatural; person vs. nature; person vs. fate
What is the purpose of formal writing?
to inform a professional audience about the stated topic in a clear and concise way
What is the purpose of a thesis statement?
to state the topic of the article and to tell of the major points that will be discussed in the article
What is the purpose of a topic sentence?
to state the overall topic of the entire article
How should writers organize their claims and analysis?
first: intro with thesis statement; second: body paragraphs arranged with evidence first then the analysis; third; conclusion
What are components of good writing?
No contractions, good transitions, great analyses, good examples, good diction, etc.
Are contractions allowed in formal writing?
NO
Onomatopoeia
the word is a sound
Allusion
a reference to another piece
Foreshadowing
hints from the author about what will happen next
Hyperbole
extreme exaggeration
Irony
the difference between what is said and what is meant (verbal); the difference between what the character knows and what the audience knows (dramatic); the difference between what was expected to happen and what is happening (situational)
Cliche
common story form
Tension
anticipation in the story
Alliteration
repeated sounds or letters at the beginning of words
Rhyme
repeated sounds or letter at the end of words
Personification
giving human traits to non-human things
Juxtaposition
Putting unlike things together- jumbo shrimp
Foil
Juxtaposition with characters
Diction
the author’s word choice and the effect it has
How do you respond to this question?; How does Connell use foreshadowing during the story?
The author using literary device to achieve this effect; ie: Connell uses the unknown animal scream to foreshadow Zaroff’s crazy hunting. This primes readers to know that danger is on the island.
What is the basic outline for an analysis essay?
Hook, Thesis… transition, evidence one, explain, evidence two, explain, tied together, … (repeat for as many paragraphs needed)… transition, conclusion
Protagonist
main character
Antagonist
protagonist’s opposition
Plot
the events and action of the story
What are the parts of a plot diagram? (bullet points)
exposition
inciting incident
rising action
climax
falling action
resolution
How do you cite sources?
“Quote” (Author’s last name and page #).
What are the main areas in an essay rubric? (bullet points)
Focus
Organization
Support
Integration
Conventions
Line
the essential unit of poetry
Stanza
A collection of lines in a poem
Break
where a line or stanza ends and the next one begins
Enjambment
when a sentence continues at the end of one line into the next line
Speaker
the person or thing talking
Couplet
a two-line stanza
Tercet
a three-line stanza
Quatrain
A four-line stanza
Rhyme Scheme
the ways the rhymes are layed out
Free Verse
a poem that doesn’t rhyme and doesn’t have a meter
Sonnet
a fourteen line poem usually about love
Ode
A poem in praise of something or someone
Slam Poetry
poems meant to be read out loud rather than read
Visual Poetry
A poem whose lay-out on the page is critical to it’s message
What three steps are there in poetry analysis? (bullet points)
What is physically happening?
What literary devices and poetry terms are used?
What message is the poem trying to communicate?
What is a sentence fragment?
a group of words that does not express a complete thought
What is a complete sentence?
a group of words that express a complete thought; has a subject and predicate
What is a run-on sentence?
two or more sentences that are written as one sentence are separated by a comma or no mark or punctuation at all
Subject
person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about
Predicate
tells you something about the subject
Complete Subject
ALL the words used to identify the subject
Complete Predicate
ALL the words that tell something about the subject
Simple Subject
the main word in the complete subject
Simple Predicate
the verb
Compound Subject
two or more subjects in one sentence that have the same verb
Compound Predicate
two or more predicates in one sentence that have the same subject
Understood Subject
understood you; an understood subject or a sentence when a command or request is made
Noun
person, place, thing, or idea
Verb
an action word
Adjective
a describing word; modifies a noun
Adverb
a describing word that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb
Prepositions
a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence; for, to, in, of, about, above
Prepositional Phrases
a phrase that contains a preposition and it’s object
Conjuctions
connects or groups words
Interjections
usually comes at the beginning of a sentence; a word or phrase that is abrupt and shows feelings
Helping Verbs
be, have, do, etc.
Inverted Order
verb comes before suject
Action Verb
tells what action the subject is preforming
Linking Verb
links the subject with another word in the sentence; renames or describes
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
only with action verbs; after the verb, ask what or whom?
Direct Object
a noun or pronoun that receives that action of the verb
Indirect Object
answers the question, to/for whom/what? after an action verb. Cannot exist without a direct object
Predicate Nominative
is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb; follows, renames, or explains
Predicative Adjective
follows a linking verb; modifies subject
