Hopes and Prayers

Hopes?

Prayers.

Somites are derived from?

Paraxial mesoderm

The two parts of somite differentiation?

Sclerotome and dermomytome

The mesenchyme is formed from what?

The sclerotome 

What is the process of bone development called?

Osteogenesis

What are the two types of bone formation

Membranous (flat bones that develop in the mesenchyme) or endochondral (limb bones)

When does cartilage formation begin in the mesenchyme?

Week 5

What are the three types of cartilage 

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage 

Where does intramembranous ossification occur?

Within a membranous sheath and produces osseous tissue without prior cartilage formation

Where does the 1° center of ossification appear?

Diaphysis 

What does the perichondrium become?

Periosteum

Where does the lengthening of bones occur at? 

Diaphyseal-epiphyseal junction

Ossification of limb bones begins at?

End of embryonic period

What are important minerals for bone development 

Calcium and phosphorus 

When do joints begin to resemble adult joints?

By end of week 8

What are the three classifications of joints?

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

What are the four parts of the axial skeleton

Cranium/skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum 

When does development of the vertebral column begin?

Week 4-5

When is the cartilaginous stage?

Week 6 

When is the bony stage

Week 7 

When does ossification begin and end

Begins week 7 and ends by 25th year

When do bony halves fuse

3-5 years of life

What signaling pathways are involved in the patterning of vertebral column?

NOTCH signaling pathways 

Where do the ribs develop from

Mesenchymal costal process

During the embryonic period ribs are ____ and during the fetal period ___

Cartilaginous, ossification begins

number of pairs of true, false, and floating ribs

7, 5, 2

T/F all ossification centers, including xiphoid, appear before birth

False, all EXCEPT xiphoid, appear before birth

What are the two subdivisions of the cranium

Neurocranium and viscerocranium