The Presidencies of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe: 1801-1825

The election of 1800 was...

the turning point in US History

This "Revolution of 1800" marked the...

1st time in US History when one political party transferred to another

Jefferson's presidency marked the start of nearly...

30 years of political dominance by the Democratic-Republicans

Jefferson wanted to reverse...

Federalist policies by reducing the size and cost of the national government

Jefferson believed the government had...

grown too large and powerful

He cut the size of the...

army... he eliminated taxes on whiskey, slaves, and property... He allowed the charter of the Bank of the US to expire... Focused on paying down the federal government's debt

Jefferson believed that...

America should be an "agrarian republic" that protects liberty

Agrarian republic

A political philosophy that emphasized local govt. & land owning statesmen;; this philosophy concerned rural farmers over urban merchants.

But the Federalist did not want to see their policies...

destroyed by Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans

In the months before leaving office President Adams...

appointed numerous Federalist to become judges in federal courts (the Midnight Judges)

Jefferson opposed theses appointments...

and ordered his Secretary of State James Madison to deny some of these judge appointments... One of these potential judges was William Marbury who sued Madison when he was deprived his positiion

Marbury vs. Madison (1803)was one of the...

most important Supreme Court cases in US history

The Supreme court ruled that...

President Jefferson's decision to deny Marbury his judicial appointment did not violate the Judiciary Act of the Constitution

The Marbury vs. Madison case established...

the principal of Judicial Review giving the Supreme Court the power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional

During Jefferson's presidency...

the US population was growing and people and were moving west... Jefferson was worried about French control of New Orleans and the Mississippi River

Jefferson sent a delegation to...

France to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans... Napoleon wanted to sell all French territories in America to fund his war

In 1803...

Congress approved the purchase of Louisiana from the French for $15 million

The Louisiana Purchase...

doubled the size of the USA

Americans were...

excited about gaining new western lands, but the Louisiana Purchase presented problems

Despite his belief in...

strict interpretation, Jefferson used the elastic clause to buy it

Despite his belief in protecting...

liberty, Jefferson did not grant foreigners citizenship

No one knew what...

resources existed in the Louisiana territory

Jefferson sent...

Mariwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory

Video on Louisiana Purchase

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gC5-8qGC5I

Jefferson was...

popular and easily won the election of 1804... But Jefferson's second term plagued by foreign policy problems

The war between Britain and France led to...

more attacks of US trade ships... The British navy impressed more than 1,000 American merchant sailors per year from 1803-1807

Jefferson was...

frustrated with his inability to get England or France to stop attacking US ships

in 1807...

he ordered and Embargo and banned all US trade with England and France

The embargo failed...

merchants smuggled goods to continue trading with Europe, and the embargo hurt US trade more than England or France

Jefferson had to...

increase the size of the government and military to enforce the law

Jefferson hand-picked...

successor James Madison, who won the presidency in 1808 and 1812

Madison was...

well-qualified: he was the architect of the Constitution, served in Congress, and served as Jefferson's Secretary of State

As president...

Madison tried to continue Jefferson's policies of limited national government

Madison continued...

the dominance of the Democratic-Republican Party and tried to continue Jefferson's policies of limited national government

But between England and France...

continued to cause America problems

England and France continued to...

violate American free trade... The British navy continues to "impress" American merchants

Many Congressmen...

called "War Hawks" demanded war with Britain to defend US honor

in 1812...

Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war against England

The US had a...

small navy and poorly trained army when the war began... Meanwhile, Britain's well-trained army had been fighting France a decade

The war went...

badly in the early years

The British attacked and burned...

the national capital Washington DC

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QET4x2CzDOQ

When the British laid...

siege to Fort McHenry, American Francis Scott Key wrote the poem "The Star Spangled Banner"

Star Spangled Banner Song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPKp29Luryc

Through Britain was...

winning, they were also fighting France and wanted to quickly end the War of 1812

In 1814...

Britain and the United States signed the Treaty of Ghent officially ending the war

Before news arrived...

the Americans beat the British at the Battle of New Orleans

General Andrew Jackson...

emerged as a war hero

The victory at New Orleans led many Americans to feel...

as though they won the war

The Treaty of Ghent...

ended the war, but it did not address trade rights or other causes of the war

Effects of the war:

-Americans were united in a sense of nationalism, believing that they had beaten the British

-America entered an "Era of Good Feelings" with popular president and a booming national economy

James Monroe was...

overwhelmingly elected president in 1816 and 1820

Monroe's presidency began...

during an era of increased nationalism after the War of 1812 known as the Era of Good Feelings (1815-1825)

Monroe's goals as president were...

to promote national unity and America's place the world

By 1816...

the Federalist were so weak that Democratic-Republicans could almost do anything

Monroe and the Republicans in Congress used this time to...

promote American nationalism

Monroe and the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism and American unity in 3 ways:

-Government:Increase the power of the national government over the states

-Economy:Encourage industry and transportation to link the South, North and West

-Expanding America's borders and increasing America's role in world affairs

John Marshal (1801-1835) used...

the Supreme Court to strengthen the power of the national government

In 1816...

Congressmen Henry Clay proposed the American System to unify the economies of the North, South and West

Create a...

Second Bank of America

Create a...

tariff to promote US industry and limit British manufactured goods

Improve...

transportation with roads and canals

Southern cotton was used in...

northern textile factories

Northern factories made...

manufactures goods that were sold throughout the country

Western farms grew...

grains and raised livestock that fed the nation

After the war of 1812...

Americans flooded into the West; by 1840 over 1/3 of the population lived in the west; This economic and territorial growth created a need to settle America's national borders

President Monroe and his Secretary of State...

John Quincy Adams used foreign policy to promote nationalism and territorial expansion

in 1818...

Monroe and Britain leaders agreed to establish the US/Canada border set at the 49 paralel

in 1819...

the Us gained Florida from Spain with the Adams-Onis Treaty

When Latin American nations gained independence...

the USA wanted to support the new republic and keep European nations from colonizing Latin AMerica

in 1823...

the Monroe Doctrine warned European nations that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere and that the US would not interfere in Europe

Era of Good Feelings was a time of...

nationalism, but there were growing problems between North and South (called Sectionalism)

Northerners and Southerners...

disagreed over slavery, taxes, and the role of government

These disagreements dominated..

politics from 1820-1860

When Missouri applied to become a US state...

sectionalism emerged

Northerners did not want...

Southern states to increase in power in the national government

If Missouri entered as a slave state...

the South would have 2 more Senators than the North

in 1820...

Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820)

Missouri became a...

slave state and Maine broke from Massachusetts and became a free state

Slavery was...

outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of 36,30