17. The End of The Republic

How much wealth did Pompey come back with when returning from the East? What did he do for his soldiers?

• He returned with a lot of wealth 

• Each of Pompey's soldiers was given a 12 year bonus 

What was the first permanent theater built in Rome? 

• The Theatre of Pompey 

• Pompey built it with the money he made from his conquests 

What law did Rome have against buildings designed for entertainment?

• Buildings for entertainment were not allowed to be built 

How did Pompey build a theatre and bypass the law?

• He renovated the temple to venus and added a theatre that was attached to it to

What does Pompey want for his soldiers and alliances in the east?

• Wanted to give soldiers land and official recognition for all of the alliances Pompey made in the East 

Did Pompey successfully get land for his soldiers and ratification in the east?

• Unsuccessful 

Why was Pompey's attempt at getting this for his allies and soldiers unsuccessful?

• A new conservative faction of senators had emerged due to the honest god scandal 

What is the Honest God scandal?

• Only women were allowed to worship the honest god 

• A man decided to sneak in and slept with one of the women 

• Conservative senators used it to oppose pompey and crassus 

How was the honest god scandal used against pompey and crassus?

• Conservative senators used the scandal to attack the political influence of Pompey and Crassus and to criticize the decline of traditional Roman values. 

Early political career of Caesar

• Well known, aristocratic family, oldest family in Rome

• Hadn't accomplished a lot 

What was the Caesar anecdote (story of the caeasar being captured by bandits)?

• Was kidnapped at sea by bandits

• The bandits held him for ransom 

• Caesar told bandits to double the price of the ransom (he said he was worth more than that)

The First Triumvirate

• First unofficial arrangement between Pompey, Crassus and Caesar 

• Pooled political resources and supported each other 

What benefits arose from the triumvirate for each person? 

• Pompey: Land for his soldiers + Recognition for his allies in the east 

• Crassus: Assistance for his publicani 

• Caesar: became consul and, later, governor for the province of Gaul for 5 years 

What one restriction did governors have? 

• Cannot leave your province and can't have your troops leaves your province 

Since Caesar could not leave his province do to the governor rule, what did he do?

• Appointed Clodius, the tribune, to look out for Caesar 

What 2 laws did Clodius propose?

• Free grain for all citizens of rome 

• Removal of the ban on collegia -> banned because these associations became political and violent 

Timeline of the Renewal of the First Triumvirate 

1. Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar meet and agree to maintain the first triumvirate 

2. Pompey and Crassus become consuls again 

3. Pompey would be governor of Spain, Crassus would be governor of Syria 

4. Caesar given extension as governor of Gaul 

5. Crassus killed while fighting the Parthians

What was the result of Caesar's campaigns in Gaul?

• He conquered all of gaul 

What was Pompey’s law regarding governorship?

• After you're done being consul, 5 years have to pass before you being consul and you being governor 

• This was to make it easier to sue a consul/governor

 What was the Roman law regarding running for consul? 

• If you want to run for consul, you must go to Rome the year prior to be nominated 

• This was impossible for Caesar as he could not leave his province 

What triggered the great civil war?

• Caesar refused to surrender his governorship and army

• He crossed the Rubicon border, starting the civil war

What does Caesar’s Mercy mean?

• Every time caser defeated his opponents, he showed them mercy 

• This made Caesar even MORE hated 

Timeline of Caesar’s war campaigns 

1. Pompey retreats to the East 

2. Caesar defeats Pompey 

3. Pompey killed in Egypt 

4. Pro- republican forces put down in Africa and Spain 

What is a queen in Egypt called?

• Cleopatra 

What was Caesars reforms as a dictator (5 years)

• Creates economic measures to stimulate the economy (made wealthy people invest their money)

• Corrects the calendar

• Reforms tax collection 

What was Caesar’s Impact upon Rome

• Created many public construction projects: Forum Julium and the Senate House 

What did Caesar do when he was offered kingship 3x?

• Rejected it each time 

How did Caesar die? (Ides of March)

• Was assassinated 

• Brutus helped

• 60 senators killed him after planning his assassination

Who is Brutus? 

• Relative of the Brutus who started republican Rome 

• Politician 

• Caesar was very close w/ him, possibly because he is Caesar's illegitimate son

Where did Caesar's death occur?

• In the Pompey Theatre 

Caesar's last words?

• “Even you brutus?”

What is this?

Pompey Theatre

Who is this?

Julius Caesar

Who is on this coin?

Cleopatra