UNDERSTANDING PEACE

Peace (according to Hugo Grotius)

Merely the absence of war or direct violence.

Structural Violence

Violence inflicted on individuals as a result of social, economic, and political structures in society.

Negative Peace

The absence of war or physical/direct violence.

Positive Peace

The presence of just and non-exploitative relationships, as well as human and ecological well-being.

Direct Violence

Violence that can be classified as organized or unorganized, such as war, street crime, and domestic abuse.

Indirect Violence

Violence that shortens life span or reduces quality of life, often linked to structural inequalities.

Betty Reardon's definition of violence

Humanly inflicted harm.

Types of structural inequalities

Inequalities affecting education, housing, healthcare, race, gender, and media access.

Johan Galtung's view on peace

Peace is the absence of both personal/direct violence and structural/indirect violence.

Manifestations of structural violence

Uneven distribution of wealth and resources, and power to decide over these distributions.

Educational Inequality

Exists where poor children must attend public schools while rich children can attend private schools.

Healthcare Inequality

Correlated with income inequality, affecting access to health care based on employment.

Racial Structural Inequality

Rooted in the legacy of U.S. slavery and perpetuated by segregation laws.

Gender Bias in the Workplace

Structural inequalities where women are given fewer opportunities and responsibilities than men.

Corporate Personhood

A legal doctrine that gives corporations the same rights as individuals, affecting political advertising access.

Raymond Aron's definition of peace

A condition of more or less lasting suspension of violent rivalry between political units.