Untitled Flashcards Set

What does social structure refer to in sociology?

The organized relationships and institutions that shape human behavior and interactions.

What is ascribed status?

A social position assigned at birth, such as race, gender, or social class.

What is achieved status?

A social position acquired through effort, like education or profession.

What is the definition of role conflict?

When different statuses demand conflicting behaviors.

What are primary groups?

Small, close-knit groups that are emotionally significant, like family or close friends.

What is dramaturgical analysis?

A perspective that views social interaction as a theatrical performance with front stage and back stage behavior.

What does deviance mean in sociology?

Behaviors, beliefs, or characteristics that violate social norms and can lead to disapproval or punishment.

What is strain theory?

A theory suggesting that deviance results from a gap between societal goals and the means available to achieve them.

What is the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance?

Primary deviance is initial rule-breaking, while secondary deviance occurs when an individual internalizes a deviant label and continues the behavior.

What is social control in sociology?

The mechanisms societies use to enforce norms and prevent deviance.

What are examples of informal social control?

Unwritten rules such as peer pressure and social expectations.

What is a victimless crime?

A crime where no direct victim is involved, like drug use or illegal gambling.

What are the institutions involved in the criminal justice system?

Law enforcement, judicial system, and corrections system.

What does labeling theory explain?

Society's reaction to a behavior determines whether it becomes deviant.

What are white-collar crimes?

Non-violent crimes committed by professionals, such as fraud or insider trading.