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15 Terms

1
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What does social structure refer to in sociology?
The organized relationships and institutions that shape human behavior and interactions.
2
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What is ascribed status?
A social position assigned at birth, such as race, gender, or social class.
3
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What is achieved status?
A social position acquired through effort, like education or profession.
4
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What is the definition of role conflict?
When different statuses demand conflicting behaviors.
5
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What are primary groups?
Small, close-knit groups that are emotionally significant, like family or close friends.
6
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What is dramaturgical analysis?
A perspective that views social interaction as a theatrical performance with front stage and back stage behavior.
7
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What does deviance mean in sociology?
Behaviors, beliefs, or characteristics that violate social norms and can lead to disapproval or punishment.
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What is strain theory?
A theory suggesting that deviance results from a gap between societal goals and the means available to achieve them.
9
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What is the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance?
Primary deviance is initial rule-breaking, while secondary deviance occurs when an individual internalizes a deviant label and continues the behavior.
10
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What is social control in sociology?
The mechanisms societies use to enforce norms and prevent deviance.
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What are examples of informal social control?
Unwritten rules such as peer pressure and social expectations.
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What is a victimless crime?
A crime where no direct victim is involved, like drug use or illegal gambling.
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What are the institutions involved in the criminal justice system?
Law enforcement, judicial system, and corrections system.
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What does labeling theory explain?
Society's reaction to a behavior determines whether it becomes deviant.
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What are white-collar crimes?
Non-violent crimes committed by professionals, such as fraud or insider trading.