Marine Bio Unit 1 Exam study guide flashcards - Gilbert Dominguez

Marine Biology

The study of life in the oceans and other marine environments

Earth's Water

About 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water

Ocean Location

Use a world map to identify the major oceans:Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic

Scientific Classification

8 categories from broad to specific:Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

Domains and Kingdoms

3 Domains:Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya; 6 Kingdoms:Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Scientific Names

Use binomial nomenclature:Genus species (e.g., Homo sapiens)

Primary Producers Importance

Form the base of marine food chains, produce oxygen and absorb CO2

Marine Primary Producers

Phytoplankton, Algae, Seagrasses, Mangroves

Phytoplankton vs

Phytoplankton:Plant-like, photosynthetic; Zooplankton:Animal-like, consume other organisms

Marine Lifestyles

Plankton, Nekton, Benthos

Scientific Method Examples

Observing coral bleaching, testing water quality, studying fish migration

Specimen View Labels

Dorsal (top), Ventral (bottom), Lateral (side), Anterior (front), Posterior (back)

Evolution

Change in species over time through natural selection

Darwin's Theory of Evolution

Organisms vary, inherit traits, compete for resources; those best adapted survive and reproduce

Struggle for Existence

Competition for limited resources

Survival of the Fittest

Organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce

Descent

All species descend from common ancestors

Evidence for Evolution

Fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, DNA similarities

Trophic Levels

Producers > Primary Consumers > Secondary Consumers > Tertiary Consumers

Red Tides

Algal blooms, often caused by dinoflagellates

Bioluminescent Waters

Often caused by dinoflagellates like Noctiluca scintillans

Types of Consumers

Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Detritivores

Oceanography

Study of physical and biological aspects of oceans

Scientific Method steps

Question, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze, Conclude

Primary producers

Organisms that produce their own food

Plankton

Drifting organisms in water

Zooplankton

Animal-like plankton

Phytoplankton

Plant-like, photosynthetic plankton

Holoplankton

Lifelong planktonic organisms

Meroplankton

Temporary planktonic organisms

Binomial nomenclature

Two-part scientific naming system

Anatomical terms

Dorsal, Lateral, Ventral, Anterior, Posterior

Natural selection

Process of evolutionary change

Natural variation

Differences among individuals in a population

Artificial selection

Human-directed breeding for desired traits

Trophic pyramid

Visual representation of energy transfer in ecosystems

Food web

Complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem

Food chain

Linear sequence of feeding relationships

Autotroph

Organism that produces its own food

Heterotroph

Organism that consumes other organisms for food

Photosynthesis

Process of using light energy to produce food

Respiration

Process of breaking down food for energy

Chemosynthesis

Production of food using chemical energy

Keystone species

Species with a disproportionate impact on its ecosystem

Types of phytoplankton

Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Coccolithophores

Types of zooplankton

Zoea, Nauplii, Polychaete worm, Arrow worm, Bivalve Larvae, Copepod, Fish Embryo, Echinoderm Larvae, Gastropod Larvae, Radiolarian