Marine Bio Unit 1 Exam study guide flashcards - Gilbert Dominguez

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Topics to Know

  1. Marine Biology

    • Definition: The study of life in the oceans and other marine environments

  2. Earth's Water

    • Fact: About 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water

  3. Ocean Location

    • Tip: Use a world map to identify the major oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic

  4. Scientific Classification

    • 8 categories from broad to specific:
      Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

  5. Domains and Kingdoms

    • 3 Domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

    • 6 Kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

  6. Scientific Names

    • Use binomial nomenclature: Genus species (e.g., Homo sapiens)

  7. Primary Producers Importance

    • Form the base of marine food chains

    • Produce oxygen and absorb CO2

  8. Marine Primary Producers

    • Phytoplankton, Algae, Seagrasses, Mangroves

  9. Phytoplankton vs. Zooplankton

    • Phytoplankton: Plant-like, photosynthetic

    • Zooplankton: Animal-like, consume other organisms

  10. Marine Lifestyles

    • Plankton, Nekton, Benthos

  11. Scientific Method Examples

    • Observing coral bleaching, testing water quality, studying fish migration

  12. Specimen View Labels

    • Dorsal (top), Ventral (bottom), Lateral (side), Anterior (front), Posterior (back)

  13. Evolution

    • Change in species over time through natural selection

  14. Darwin's Theory of Evolution

    • Organisms vary, inherit traits, compete for resources

    • Those best adapted survive and reproduce

  15. Struggle for Existence

    • Competition for limited resources

  16. Survival of the Fittest

    • Organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce

  17. Descent

    • All species descend from common ancestors

  18. Evidence for Evolution

    • Fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, DNA similarities

  19. Trophic Levels

    • Producers > Primary Consumers > Secondary Consumers > Tertiary Consumers

  20. Red Tides

    • Algal blooms, often caused by dinoflagellates

  21. Bioluminescent Waters

    • Often caused by dinoflagellates like Noctiluca scintillans

  22. Types of Consumers

    • Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Detritivores

Vocabulary to Know

  1. Marine biology: Study of life in marine environments

  2. Oceanography: Study of physical and biological aspects of oceans

  3. Scientific classification categories: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

  4. Scientific Method steps: Question, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze, Conclude

  5. Three domains: Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea

  6. Primary producers: Organisms that produce their own food

  7. Plankton: Drifting organisms in water

  8. Zooplankton: Animal-like plankton

  9. Phytoplankton: Plant-like, photosynthetic plankton

  10. Holoplankton: Lifelong planktonic organisms

  11. Meroplankton: Temporary planktonic organisms

  12. Binomial nomenclature: Two-part scientific naming system

  13. Anatomical terms: Dorsal, Lateral, Ventral, Anterior, Posterior

  14. Evolution: Change in species over time

  15. Natural selection: Process of evolutionary change

  16. Natural variation: Differences among individuals in a population

  17. Artificial selection: Human-directed breeding for desired traits

  18. Trophic pyramid: Visual representation of energy transfer in ecosystems

  19. Food web: Complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem

  20. Food chain: Linear sequence of feeding relationships

  21. Autotroph: Organism that produces its own food

  22. Heterotroph: Organism that consumes other organisms for food

  23. Photosynthesis: Process of using light energy to produce food

  24. Respiration: Process of breaking down food for energy

  25. Chemosynthesis: Production of food using chemical energy

  26. Keystone species: Species with a disproportionate impact on its ecosystem

  27. Types of phytoplankton: Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Coccolithophores

  28. Types of zooplankton: Zoea, Nauplii, Polychaete worm, Arrow worm, Bivalve Larvae, Copepod, Fish Embryo, Echinoderm Larvae, Gastropod Larvae, Radiolarian