Cultural Transmission
. process of norms and values being passed onto the next generation
. done through socialisation within school, family etc
. each culture will pass on different norms and values eg. eating with knife and fork opposed to eating with chopsticks
Social Roles
. key expectations or norms attached to a social position eg. mother
. performed in relation to other roles and involve mutual expectations
. helps society to be predictable and maintains social order
Nature
. people behave as they do because they are controlled by nature
. humans are compared to animals and act on instinct eg. mothers are protective
. however some behaviour is learnt
Nurture
. people are taught how to behave
. the way you are brought up by firstly family, and secondly by friends and education impacts your learnt behaviour
. for example women look after children because they were taught
Social Change
. shifts in society that brings a transformation to that society and the individuals in it
. an example of a significant period of change are the shift from agricultural to industrial
. aspects may include fundamental and radical changes to behaviour
Primary Socialisation
. individual learns the culture of society
. occurs largely within the family and involves gaining basic skills and values
. most important stage of socialisation
Secondary Socialisation
. individual learns behaviour of society
. occurs outside the family eg. education system, peers, mass media
. influences our norms and values to support integrating into wider society
Role Model
. person or group of people we look up to and aspire to be like
. individuals often copy behaviour of role model wanting to have the same norms and social role
. can be members of public, family or famous individuals
Imitation
. where individuals copy and echo behaviour seen
. children imitate parents behaviour as a way of learning
. imitating others can be both positive and negative eg. sister imitating brothers violence is negative
Sanctions
. consequences of your behaviour
. can be both positive and negative and posed formally and informally
. rewards ands and punishments used as a means of social control
Expectations
. refer to anticipated boundaries people should behave
. a number of agents of socialisation set these boundaries
. boundaries set vary across society