Chapter 16 PULMONARY

how long can tb stay dormant in lungs for

decades

emphysema

loss of elasticity in alveoli

pleural effussion

fluid in pleural space

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

pneumonia

infection of lung tissue leading to poor gas exchange

hypoxia

cells and tissue dont get enough oxygen

chronic bronchitis

ongoing inflammation of trachea and bronchi

embolus

blood clot or substance that causes blockage

pneumothorax

accumulation of air in pleural space, causes lung collapse

PASTE

provocation, associated pain, sputum, talking/tired, exaserbation

if co2 levels drop, people breathe

slower and more shallow

if co2 is too high, people breathe

rapidly and deeply

croup

Common with children, inflammation of larynx/pharynx/trachea causing “seal bark”

lung condition that can develop quickly after heart attack

pulmonary edema

pulmonary edema

excess fluid in lungs

cystic fibrosis

genetic disorder that affects lungs and digestive system. Causes mucus to be thick and sticky blocking passages

big difference between heart failure and COPD

dependent edema

dependent edema

build up of fluid in body

asthma causes what breath sound

wheezing

best treatment choice for anaphylaxis

epinephrine

always assume this for patients goin thru shortness of breath after eating

upper airway obstruction

CPAP

continuous positive airway pressure

is blood pressure symptomatic of breathing

no

contraindication

sign that a treatment would be harmful

contraindication for cpap

hypotension

prolonged asthma attack unrelieved by epinephrine could lead to

status asthmaticus

acute spasm of smaller airways associated with excessive mucus production and swelling is symptomatic of

asthma

albuterol

for medication for acute asthma attack (inhaler)

flow rate from small volume nebulizer for asthma

6 l/m

breath sound for asthma and bronchitis

wheezing

side effects of albuterol

higher pulse rate, nervousness, muscle tremors

Rate of breathing increases when

CO2 levels increase

X is a sign of hypoxia in the brain

Ams

Something other than Ami or heart failure that leads to pulmonary edema

Toxic chemicals

Over breathing to the point arterial CO2 falls below normal

Hyperventilation

Part of brain that senses co2 levels

Brain stem

Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms

Headache, fatigue, nausea

Hyperventilation syndrome (hsv)

Rapid breathing becomes a habitual uncocious reaction

Most common factor for COPD

Cigarette smoking

COPD

Emphysema with chronic bronchitis

Will general impression inform if patient is stable or unstable

Yes

Is breathing into a bag good for hyperventilation

No

Pulmonary emboli

A blockage in a pulmonary artery, typically caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs or other parts of the body.

Pulmonary embolism sign symptoms

Dyspnea, hemoptysis, tachycardia

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood

Carbonic drive

Primary stimulus for breathing, based on high co2

Hypoxic drive

Secondary stimulus for breathing due to low oxygen levels in the blood.

Tracheostomy tube

Inserted into trachea to assist ventilation

Hay fever

(Allergic rhinitis) causes cold like symptoms, triggered by airborne allergens

Petrusis

(Whooping cough) highly contagious bacterial infection, coughing attack lasting longer than a minute

Barrel chest and “puffing” breathing most likely

Emphysema

Airway swelling, Low respiratory rate with shallow breaths need RATE NOT HIGH ENOUGH

BVM

Breath rate is HIGH but need oxygen needs a

NRB

Crackles or rales

Bubbling popping sounds from fluid in lungs (lower airway)

Wheezing

(Lower airway) high pitched whistling from airway narrowing

Stridor

(Inhalation) (upper airway) high pitched whistling from severe obstruction

Rhonchi

(Lower airway) low pitched snoring from air passing through mucus

Pleural friction rub

(Inhalation) low-pitched, grating, or creaking sounds that occur when inflamed pleural surfaces rub together

Asthma is response from what system

Immune

Two processes that occur during respiration

Inspiration, expiration

What you should tell someone using an inhaler

Hold breath for as long as comfortable

Protocol for o2 treatment if patient has chronic lung disease

Adjust flow rate until symptom improvement

Can asthma be triggered by extreme temperatures

Yes

Adventitious sounds

Abnormal breath sounds

Pulse oximetry

Measures percent of hemoglobin saturated w oxygen

CPAP is for patients…

Above 15, less than 100 systolic, no facial trauma, ALERT, (for allergies, already applied nebulizer)

Bromide

Removes mucus

L/M for nebulizers and also CPAP

6 for nebulizer 8 for CPAP

Meningitis symptoms

Head ache, sensitivity to light, neck pain

Visceral pleura

Membrane around lungs

Parietal pleura

Membrane around cavity of chest