AP Psych

1st Test 8/21, 1.A, 4.5A, 4.5B, 4.4A.

What is Psychology?

science of human behavior and mental processes

What is Psychodynamic?

Behavior/Thinking are directly related to repressed unconscious forces from childhood.

What are the big names of Psychodynamic?

Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung

What is Cognitive?

Behaviors performed because of ideas and thoughts.

Ex: perception, language, memory, and thinking

What are the big names of Cognitive?

Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, Albert Ellis

What is Behavioral?

Behavior due to environment

Measurable/ observable

Conditioning: classical and operant

Reward/punishment

What are the big Names of Behavioral?

Pavlov; Watson: BF Skinner

What is biological?

Genes, hormones, & neurotransmitters contribute to our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Nature over nurture

What is evolutionary?

natural selection

adaptive behavior/tastes

Higher survival and reproduction

What are the big names of Evolutionary?

Charles Darwin, Steen Pinker

What is humanistic?

Free will, self awareness, and personal growth.

“Rationalized beings”

Self actualization

What are the big names of Humanistic?

Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers

What is sociocultural?

Development occurs through interactions w/ others and within a specific cultural context

Terms: social norms, values, beliefs

What is Trait Theory?

Measurement of consistent patterns of individual’s behaviors, thoughts, and emotions

Who is Gordon Allport?

Researched 4,000+ traits people are born with.

You have them or you don’t

What is Factor Analysis?

Identifies clusters of test items to identify one trait

Shown in personality inventories

Eysenck McCrae/Costa utilized this method.

What is the MMPI?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

567 T/F Q’s

Personality traits and psychopathology

Test people who are suspected of having mental health or emotional disorders

What is the Eysenck Factor Analysis?

Break down personality into dimension

Extraversion/Inversion

EMotional Stability/Instability (Neurotic)

Who created the Big 5 Personality?

McCrae & Costa

What is Openness?

(In the Big 5 Personality)

High: Creative/Flexible

Low: Hate Change

What is Conscientiousness?

(In the Big 5 Personality)

High: Attentive/ Detailed

Low: Procrastinates/Careless W

What is Extraversion?

(In the Big 5 Personality)

High: Sociable

Low: Reserved

What is Agreeableness?

(In the Big 5 Personality)

High: Trusting/ Helpful

Low: Ruthless/Manipulative

What is Neuroticism?

(In the Big 5 Personality)

High: Moody/ Stressed

Low: Calm/ Relaxed

What is Julian Rotters Cognitive Expectancy Theory?

One’s behavior will lead to an outcome

What is the Internal Locus of Control?

Own destiny

“I will control my own destiny” E

What is the External Locus of Control?

Luck, fate

“They control my destiny”

What is the Self-Serving Bias?

Our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably

-People accept more responsibility for good deeds than for bad. Most people see themselves as better than average

What is the Spotlight Effect?

Belief you are being noticed more than you really are

What is Self Esteem?

Extend to which you value yourself

What is Self Efficacy?

Sense of competence on a taskBelief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks. It influences how we approach challenges and goals.

What is Carl Rogers Self Concept?

All thoughts and feelings about identity

What is Real Self?

Perception of self

What is Ideal Self?

Who you would like to be

What is Incongruence?

What is Congruence?

What is Unconditional Positive Regard?

Full acceptance of others no matter the cause

What are Conditions of Worth?

Explicit standards for acceptance of love

What are Defense Mechanisms?

Ego denies reality to reduce anxiety

What is Denial?

Refusing to believe or accept uncomfortable reality

What is Displacement?

Redirecting one’s feelings toward a less threatening person or objectAn emotional response that involves taking frustrations out on a different target, often to avoid direct confrontation.

What is rationalization?

Making excuses for justification for why something occurred.

What is Reaction Formation?

Turn unwanted thought into opposite emotions

What is Regression?

Revert to an earlier stage of emotional or mental development

What is Repression?

Ego pushes unwanted/ unacceptable feelings into unconscious

What is Projection?

Transfer of unwanted feelings onto another person

What is Sublimation?

Transferring undesirable feeling into a more socially acceptable one