modules 1-3 unit 1 Ap psych

applied research

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems .

basic research

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base .

behavior genetics

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior .

behavioral psychology

the scientific study of observable behavior , and its explanation by principles of learning .

behaviorism

the view that psychology ( 1 ) should be an objective science that ( 2 ) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychologists today agree with ( 1 ) but not with ( 2 ) .

biological psychology

the scientific study of the links between biological ( genetic , neural , hormonal ) and psychological processes . ( Some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists , neuropsychologists , behavior geneticists , physiological psychologists , or biopsychologists . )

biopsychosocial approach

an integrated approach that incorporates biological , psychological , and social- cultural viewpoints .

clinical psychology

a branch of psychology that studies , assesses , and treats people with psychological disorders .

cognitive neuroscience

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition ( including perception , thinking , memory , and language ) .

cognitive psychology

the study of mental processes , such as occur when we perceive , learn , remember , think , communicate , and solve problems .

community psychology

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups .

counseling psychology

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living ( often related to school , work , or marriage ) and in achieving greater well - being .

critical thinking

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions . Rather , it examines assumptions appraises the source , discerns hidden biases evaluates evidence , and assesses conclusions

culture

the enduring behaviors , ideas , attitudes , values , and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next .

developmental psychology

a branch of psychology that studies physical , cognitive , and social change throughout the life span .

educational psychology

the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning .

empiricism

the idea that knowledge comes from experience , and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

evolutionary psychology

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind , using principles of natural selection .

functionalism

an early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin ; explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt , survive , and flourish .

human factors psychology

a field of psychology allied with I / O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use .

humanistic psychology

a historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential .

industrial - organizational (I/O) psychology

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces .

introspection

the process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one's own psychological processes .

natural selection

the principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will ( in competition with other trait variations ) most likely be passed on to succeeding generations .

nature-nurture

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors . Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture .

personality psychology

the study of individuals ' characteristic patterns of thinking , feeling , and acting .

positive psychology

the scientific study of human flourishing , with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive .

psychiatry

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders ; practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical ( for example , drug ) treatments as well as psychological therapy .

psychodynamic psychology

a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders .

psychology

the science of behavior and mental processes .

psychometrics

the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities , attitudes , and traits .

social - cultural psychology

the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking .

social psychology

the scientific study of how we think about , influence , and relate to one another .

SQ3R

a study method incorporating five steps : Survey , Question , Read , Retrieve , Review .

structuralism

an early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener ; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

testing effect

enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading , information . Also referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test - enhanced learning .