Medical Terminology - Dermatology

QUIZ 2; Chapter 3

What are the two layers of the skin?

epidermis (thin, outermost)

dermis (underlying layer)

cutaneous

related to the skin

squamous layer

superficial of epidermis containing both dead and living cells

Keratin

hard, fibrous protein filling dead surface cells

Basal Layer

the deepest layer of the epidermis responsible for new skin cell generation.

Melanocytes

pigmented cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.

Melanin

a dark pigment produced by melanocytes, responsible for absorbing UV radiation and determining skin color.

Dermis

a thicker layer beneath the epidermis and it is categorized as connective tissue

collagen

protein fibers in the dermis that make it firm

Elastin

elastic fibers in the dermis that make it flexible

The dermis contains

arteries, veins, and nerves and sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, and hair follicles

sebaceous gland

oil gland

exocrine gland

glands that secrete sebum, an oily substance through a duct

Adipocere

a waxy substance formed from the decomposition of body fat.

Sudoriferous glands

sweat glands

What is included in sweat?

water, sodium, and small amounts of body waste (ammonia, creatinine, and urea)

Diaphoresis

the process of producing sweat

perspiration

the sweat itself as a product

pilpoaerection

the contraction of arrector pili muscles that causes hair to stand on end, often in response to cold or emotional stimuli.

follicle

A small sac or cavity in which hair grows, containing the hair root.

Nail/Ungual

A hard structure at the end of fingers and toes

Nail Plate

A hard structure at the end of fingers and toes, composed of keratin.

Nail root

locate beneath the skin of the finger or tow that produces the ells of the nail plate

lunula

the visible white, half moon that then becomes the nail plate

Cuticle

a layer of dead cells, lies along the base of the nail

Nail bed

beneath the nail plate or quick, which contains nerves and blood vessels

adipose tissue

fatty tissue that contains lipocytes and stores fat as an energy reserve for the body

hair

Structure that grows as a shaft from a follicle int he dermis. Hair cells are filled with keratin

Dermatome

area of the skin that sense sensory information through a nerve to the spinal cord

Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)

infection that occurs in hospitals and other healthcare facilites when healthcare professionals do not wash their hands. Previoisly known as a nosocomial infection

homeostasis

balance, equilibrium, and stability of all body systems and function

Normal skin flora

bacteria that live on the skin and inhibit the growth of disease-causing microorganisms

protection

the integumentary system is the body’s first line of defense against injury and infection

sensation

sensory receptor in the dermis respond to the to light touch, pressure, vibration, pain, or temperature. The NS then relays and interprets skin sensations.

synthesis

process of the skin using sunlight to create vitamin D

Thermoregulation

actions of the integumentary system to help:

• the subcutaneous layer conserves body heat, the skin creates heat with goosebumps and piloerection, and the sudoriferous glands secrete sweat to evaporate and cool the body

Dermatitis

infection or inflammation of the skin due to injury to the skin itself or to a disease within the body that manifests itself on the skin.

Treatment: Correct underlying cause

Edema

excessive amounts of fluid move from the blood to the dermis of sibQ tissue and cause swelling

Treatment: Correct underlying cause

Hemorrhage

an injury to the blood vessels that release blood into the skin; also known as extravasation

Petechuae

pinpoint spots of bleeding caused by small, ruptured blood vessels in the skin

Ecchymosis

a small area of bleeding in the skin

Contusion

a slightly larger area that is bruised due to trauma, causing bleeding under the skin without breaking the skin surface.

Hermatoma

an elevated, localized collection of blood under the skin

lesion

any observable damage or vaiartion from normal skin, whether form disease or injury