Leacture 3: terrestrial biomes

whats the room, human body, and home freezer temperature in celsius

21*;37*; -18*

What is a walter climate diagram

a. what is the x and y axis

Temperature in celsius vs precipitation in mm 

in a walter climate diagram, if the first month its july, the biome is in the nothern/southern hemisphere, if its january its in the nothern/southern hemisphere 

southern;nothern

what is growing season on a walter climate diagram

when precipitation is above temperature line and temperature is above 0

describe the

a. seasonality in temperature

b. seasonality in precipitation

c. what hemisphere biome is in

d. growing seasons

Graph A. There is seasonality (variety) in temperature, no seasonality in precipitation,  no growing season, in the southern hemisphere because it starts with january 

Graph B. Seasonality in rainfall, minimal seasonality in temperature, has two separate and long growing seasons, in the northern hemisphere, in the northern hemisphere because starts in july 

Graph C. Seasonality in rainfall, minimal seasonality in temperature (essentially none tbh), its always growing season, in the northern hemisphere because starts in july 

graph for tropical rainforest

Graph: Highest precipitation levels with minimal seasonality. 20-30 degrees celsius barely any seasonality, always in growing period

describe tropical rainforest (trees, location, soil)

1. Found near the equator 

2. Tall trees 

3. High species diversity 

4. Large canopies 

5. Soil

   1. Old, highly weathered

   2. Low in nutrients 

   3. Low in carbon 

graph for temperate forest (This is florida)

Graph: High precipitation with seasonality. Temperature is from 5-30* degrees celsius with seasonality.

describe temperate forest weather and trees.

1. cold , dry winters

2. Warm, moist summers

3. Relatively large tree biomass 

4. Deciduous (leaves fall during seasons) and evergreen trees

graph for tundra

Graph: short growing period between JJAS, outside of growing period the temp is near 0*C

describe tundra weather, trees, and soil

1. Severe winters 

2. Cool summer 

1. Short vegetation 

2. No or sparse trees 

3. Sedges, low shrubs, mosses and lichens 

4. Soil

Mostly permafrost (permanently frozen soil) 

High in organic matter 

High carbon and nutrients 

Holds about ½ of global carbon dioxide

graph for temperate desert

Solid line is precipitation; dotted line is temperature.

typical dry dessert. Fluctuation between hot and cold. Nongrowing season at JJAS.

graph for trop/subtrop desert

Solid line is precipitation; dotted line is temperature.

consistently very hot, unlike temperate. Never in growing season. Temperature increases greatly at JJAS. precipitation is minimal with barely any seasonality. 

graph for taiga/boreal forest

Graph: bow like graph. It legit looks like a bow

describe taiga/boreal forest (Weather, precipitation, temperature ranges)

1. Cold forests 

2. 100-200 cm of precipitation, minimal precipitation 

3. Temperature ranges from 0 to -10*C

graph for grasslands

symmetrical bell-shaped graph, precipitation and temperature are basically the same line 

describe grasslands soil

Thick top soil

Fertile soil 

Shaped by drought, fire, and grazing

Adaptations for Tropical rainforest 

1. Plant drip tips 

   1. High rainfall

   2. Raindrops runoff quickly

3. Sheds leaf of excess water

4. Prevents fungi and bacterial growth

2. Root buttresses (large, wide, and plank-like roots that project outward from the base of a tree trunk. They act as structural supports, preventing massive, shallow-rooted trees from toppling over in the thin, nutrient-poor soils typically found in tropical rainforests(

   1. Nutrient-poor soil

   2. Fertile layer at

   3. surface level

   4. Shallow root system

   5. Lend support for tall

   6. trees

3. Animal adaptations 

   1. Specialization

   2. Diversity

   3. Camouflage

   4. Poisons & aposematic colors

   5. Permeable skin

   6. Long limbs & prehensile tails

Adaptations for desert 

1. Drought avoidance strategies in plants

   1. Annual life cycle

   2. Perennials – unique adaptations

   3. Leaf structures 

      1. Thick cuticle

      2. Trichomes

      3. Spines

      4. Reduce number of stomata

      5. CAM photosynthesis

      6. Fleshy stems & leaves

      7. Deep tap root

   4. Animal adaptations 

      1. Avoid heat during day

      2. Low rates of evaporation through skin

      3. Concentrated urine

      4. Produce dry feces

      5. Live in burrows

      6. Large ears

      7. Reduce contact with hot sand

      8. Nocturnal torpor (roadrunner)

      9. Salt glands

      10. Long legs

      11. Moist food in diet

 Tundra and ice cap adaptations 

1. Blubber layer

2. Thick, insulating fur

3. Oils on skin and/or coats

4. Shorter legs & ears

5. Hibernation/burrowing

6. Countercurrent heat exchange

7. Production of antifreeze proteins

8. Hibernation

9. Winter coats with thick underfur that shed when weather warms