IB History WWI

Triple Alliance

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI.

Triple Entente

A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.

Allied Powers

A military alliance between Great Britain, France, Russia, and later US during World War One (Italy then switched sides and became part of this groups)

Central Powers

In World War I the alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire that allied together in opposing the Allies.

Francis Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria, his assassination at Sarajevo triggered the outbreak of World War I

Woodrow Wilson

President of the US during World War I, Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification)

Arthur Zimmerman

Germany's Foreign Secretary who proposed an alliance with Mexico against the United States, secret offer to reward Mexico land if they declared war on the US, which would distract them from the world war

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party, Russian founder of Bolsheviks and lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed, first head of the USSR (1870-1924)

Communist Party

A political party practicing the ideas of Karl Marx and V.I Lenin, originally the Bolsheviks, group that controlled government and society in the Soviet Union

Mensheviks

Party which opposed to the Bolsheviks, wanted a democratic party with mass membership

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

Red Army

built up under the leadership of Leon Trotsky; its victories secured communist power after the early years of destruction following the Russian Revolution

League of Nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

Big Three/Big Four

In the months following the end of the war, "peace" in Europe would be crafted by the Big Three:

France- Clemenceau

GR- Lloyd George

US- Wilson

Italy- Vitoriano Orlando

Vittorio Orlando

He was the Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, wanted to punish Germany

George Clemenceau

French prime minister in last years of WWI and during Versailles Conference of 1919, wanted to make Germans suffer and help break Germany up

Lloyd George

British prime minister, originally wanted o make Germans pay, but then fighted the most for German interests in the Versailles Treaty because he feared communism

Food Administration

government agency headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military

Committee on Public Information

Organization also known as the Creel Commision which was responsible for rallying American's around the war effort through propaganda

War Industries Board

Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries

Women and Minorities

Entered workforce to replace men serving in the military

National War Labor Board

A board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war

Eugene v. Debs

Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike, was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over

Charles Schenck

convicted and found guilty for violating the Espionage Act during WWI when accused of printing and mailing antiwar pamphlets to 15,000 to 16,000 men accepted for induction into the military; strongly opposed the war as the general secretary of the American Socialist Party, claiming it was fought for Wall St. Investors who would profit

Militarism

The tendency to regard military greatness as the supreme ideal of the state and to subordinate all other interests to those of the military, keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Alliance System

A formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense

Imperialism

A policy of a country seeking to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically especially through military force

Nationalism

A sense of national pride and devotion, thinking their nation is better than others

Mobilize (Prepare for War)

Balkan Powder Keg

Assassination of Francis Ferdinand

Early Stages of WWI- Development of Trench Warfare

War at Sea- (Overview)

War of Attrition

Trench warfare between Germany and France, goal was to break down the enemy through constant attacks and heavy losses

U-Boats

German submarines that sank many Allied/British ships around, responsible for the sinking of the HMS Lusitania and the Sussex

New War Technology (Examples)

Propaganda

Information aimed at positively or negatively influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people

Causes of U.S. Involvement

German's decision to resume unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917, the interception and publication of the Zimmerman Telegram, the inclination to help Britain, fall of the Tsarist regime in Russia (which made Wilson's claims that he wanted to fight safe for democracy).

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915, 128 Americans died, sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war

Zimmerman Telegram (and pre-existing U.S. Tension with Mexico)

U.S. Mobilization

Produce the weapons and equipment to help when war whole country was devoted to war effort, FDR appointed William Knudson to direct defense production and to build 50,000 planes

Selective Service

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

Victory/Liberty Bonds

people bought bonds that people lent to the government during WW1 that rasied money for the allied war effort

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Two laws enacted to impose harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S participation in WW1

Russian Revolution (Causes, Course, Impact)

Wilson's 14 Points

plan for world peace, divided into 3 parts, points aiming to end the war

Armistice

Agrrement to peace/stopping of fighting between opponents so they can discuss peace terms

End of WWI

Paris Peace Conference

The rulers and countries (excluding Germany and Russia) that met in Versailles to negotiate the repercussions of the war, leaders like Lloyd George (Britain), Woodrow Wilson (America), Clemenceau (France) and Italy, Treaty of Versailles was made

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended World War I, it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as punitive as France and England desired, set stage for Hitler's rise of power in Germany in 1930s