AMSCO WH 1.6

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12 Terms

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Feudalism

Decentralized system of government where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service

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Manorial system

Economic system where peasants (serfs) worked land for protection under lords

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Three-field system

Medieval farming method rotating crops to increase yield

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Roman Catholic Church

Dominant religious institution in Europe, unifying authority across kingdoms

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Orthodox Church

Eastern branch of Christianity, centered in Constantinople

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Crusades

Religious wars launched by Europeans to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims

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Renaissance

Period of renewed interest in Greco-Roman learning, art, and humanism

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Humanism

Renaissance intellectual movement focusing on secularism, individualism, and classical learning

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Magna Carta

1215 document limiting English monarch’s power, giving nobles more rights

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Parliament

Representative government body in England, limiting royal authority

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Hundred Years’ War

Conflict (1337–1453) between England and France over territory and succession

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Reconquista

Christian effort to reconquer Spain from Muslim rule, ending in 149