PART 5 - Napoleon does reform

Year Napoleon’s officials began drawing up a new cadastre (land register).

1807

Proportion of the country that had been assessed by the new land register by 1815.

1/5

Year by which only 1/5 of the country had been assessed for land tax.

1815

Date when towns and cities were allowed to levy an octroi on consumer goods.

September 1803

Year of the Constitution that established a commission for state accounting.

Year VIII

Date the Cour des Comptes (central audit bureau) was established.

September 1807

Date the new metallic currency based on gold and silver was established.

March 1803

Year of the directory law confirmed by the 1803 currency reform.

1795

Date the Bank of France was established.

January 1800

Face value (in francs) of one of the two types of high-value paper notes issued.

500

Face value (in francs) of the second type of high-value paper notes issued.

1000

Year from which sub-branches of the Bank of France were set up in other towns.

1808

Year the Societe d’encouragement pour l’industrie nationale was formed.

1801

Year councils of agriculture, arts and commerce were established in each departement

1801

Number of largest cities where chambers of commerce were established in 1802.

23

Year chambers of commerce were established in 23 largest cities.

1802

Number of smaller urban areas where chambres consultatives were established.

150

Year chambres consultatives were established in 150 smaller urban areas.

1803

Years Montalivet served as Minister of the Interior.

1811-12

Percentage by which the wool industry increased its yield. (montalivret)

400 percent

Value in francs of exported silks in 1790. - montalivret

26 million

Baseline year for the comparison of silk export values.

1790

Value in francs of exported silks by 1812. (monatlivet)

64 million

End year for the silk export value comparison.

1812

Date the import of sugar cane was prohibited.

January 1813

Year after which the effects of the home sugar-beet industry were mostly felt.

1815

The only year in the early Consulate/Empire that did not have a good harvest.

1806

Year after which economic conditions became less promising.

1809

Year by which Montalivet claimed France could export butter, cheese and vegetables - all imported pre-revolution

1812

Year of the plan to extend influence in India with Tsar Paul I.

1801

Year the British navy obstructed plans for a Caribbean empire.

1802

Year of the sale of Louisiana to the USA.

1803

Year Napoleon had gained Louisiana from Spain.

1800

Year until which Louisiana had previously been a French possession.

1762

Amount in francs received from the USA in bonds and gold for Louisiana.

50 million

Amount in francs of debt cancelled during the Louisiana Purchase.

18 million

Years French plans to invade the British Isles and Australia were abandoned.

1804/5

Years the second plan to take India failed.

1807/8

Year from which British goods were first prohibited from French territories.

1793

Years Napoleon decided to implement the Continental System/blockade.

1806-7

Years during which the number of customs officials tripled.

1797-1810

Year Napoleon was forced to allow some licensed trade with Britain.

1810

Year maximum prices for bread and flour were introduced.

1812

First year since 1802 that expenditure outstripped income.

1806

Year used as a comparison for the 1806 deficit.

1802

Year of a poor harvest and a pan-European banking crisis.

1809

Year by which France was in severe debt with rising unemployment.

1810

Year of a temporary recovery followed by another bad harvest.

1811

Year of the disastrous Russian campaign.

1812

Years during which 1500 out of 32000 Legion of Honour awards went to civilians.

1802-1814

The ratio of civilians to total recipients of the Legion of Honour (1802-1914).

1500/32000

Number of women who received the Legion of Honour for military service.

3

Number of grand officers who administered the Legion of Honour.

7

Number of cohorts into which the Legion of Honour was divided.

15

Number of classes within the Legion of Honour (Grand Eagle to Chevalier).

5

Year Napoleon established the Ordre National de la Legion d’honneur.

1802

Year the large silver star with an eagle was introduced for members.

1805

Year a larger sash was introduced for the Legion of Honour.

1814

Year the Chevalier de l’empire (Napoleonic nobility) was established.

1808

Number of generations required for the title of Chevalier to become hereditary.

3

Year Napoleon granted princely titles to his family during his coronation.

1804

Year brothers Joseph and Louis were granted titles.

1803

Year Jerome was granted a title.

1806

Year titles were granted to Elisa, adopted son Eugene de beauharnais and uncle Joseph fesch

1807

Year ducal titles were created for senior figures and Marshals of France.

1806

Date of the imperial decree founding the Imperial Nobility.

March 1808

Percentage of imperial nobility titles that went to military men.

59%

Percentage of those ennobled by Napoleon from the Ancient Regime nobility.

22.5%

the annual income of a retiring senator

25000

anual income needed to sustain the title of duc

200000

Size of the Napoleonic nobility compared to the nobility of 1789.

1/7

Year used as the baseline for comparing nobility size.

1789

Year the new law for Ecole Populaire and Lycées was established.

1802

Age range for boys attending the Lycées.

10-16

Initial number of Lycées established.

37

Final number of Lycées eventually established.

45

Total number of places available in the Lycées.

6400

Number of Lycée places reserved for sons of soldiers and civil servants.

2400

Date the Imperial University was established.

March 1808

Proportion of personnel in Lycées and colleges who were priests by 1812.

1/3

Year by which 1/3 of teaching personnel were priests or ex-priests.

1812

Date Napoleon divorced Josephine to marry Marie-Louise.

January 1810

Year of the Civil Code (Napoleonic Code) affecting women's property rights.

1804

Proportion of income a woman had to pay into a joint-asset pool from sold goods.

One third

Length of the gaol sentence for a wife's adultery.

Three-month

Date the number of Parisian newspapers was reduced from 73 to 13.

January 1800

Original number of Parisian newspapers before January 1800.

73

Number of Parisian newspapers remaining after the first reduction in 1800.

13

Number of Parisian newspapers remaining by the end of 1800.

9

Year only 4 newspapers were still allowed to publish.

1801

Number of newspapers remaining in 1801.

4

Year censors were appointed to each newspaper.

1809

Year provincial papers were reduced to one per departement.

1810

Number of newspapers allowed per departement after 1810.

1

Year a decree reduced Parisian publishing houses from nearly 200 to 60.

1808

Original number of publishing houses in Paris before 1808.

200

Number of publishing houses allowed to remain after 1808.

60

Original fine (in francs) for possessing illegal works.

2000

Later increased fine (in francs) for possessing illegal works.

3000

Date of the decree creating the new censorship board.

January 1810