Anat&Phys Exam 2

3 types of exocrine glands

Merocrine, Apocrine, Holocrine

Exocrine glands secrete into what?

Ducts (not blood)

Merocrine glands secrete through?

Exocytosis through vesicles

How does Apocrine glands secrete?

Partial cell release at the top portion of cell

How do Holocrine glands secrete?

Entire cell breaks apart

4 major types of tissues in the body?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Types of Epithelial Tissue?

Simple, Stratified, Squamous, Cubodial, Columnar, Psuedostratified, Transitional, Glandular

Identify Simple Epithelial Tissue

1 layer of cells (good for transporting substances)

Identify Stratified Epithelial Tissue

2 or more layers of cells (good for protection)

Identify Squamous Epithelial Tissue

Flat and thin (squished)

Identify Cubodial Epithelial Tissue

Cube shaped

Identify Columnar Epithelial Tissue

Column-like (elongated) tall

Identify Psuedostratified Epithelial Tissue

Looks like multiple layers, but is only one

Identify Transitional Epithelial Tissue

Stretches, found in Urinary bladder, rounded or domed appearance on top surface

Identify Glandular Epithelial Tissue

In glands (sweat glands)

identify Areolar (loose) connective tissue

Soft, flexible tissue that wraps and cushions organs; contains collagen and elastic fibers

Identify Adipose tissue

Made primarily of fat cells; stores energy and provides insulation and cushioning

Identify Reticular connective tissue

Forms a soft internal framework that supports other cells

Identify Dense regular connective tissue

Strong tissue with parallel collagen fibers; resists pulling in one direction, dense fibers, little matrix, found in dermis and tendons/ligaments

3 types of Cartilage?

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

Identify Hyaline Cartilage

Most abundant, commonly found in respiratory passage (Trachea C shaped cartilage and tip of nose, very strong not flexible)

Identify Elastic Cartilage

Provides framework for external ears, parts of larnyx (elastic fibers)

Identify Fibrocartilage

Many collagenous fibers, provides shock absorbing function found in disks in knees and pelvic girdle (prevents compression)

Identify Bone as a Specialized Connective Tissue

Highly vascular (good blood supply) cells called osteocytes arranged in circular pattern

Identify Blood as a Specialized Connective Tissue

Composed of red and white cells suspended in matrix called plasma, functions to transport substances through body (platelets)

3 types of Muscle tissue

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Which types of Muscle tissue are involuntary

Cardiac and Smooth

Which types of Muscle Tissues are voluntary

Skeletal

Identify Skeletal Muscle

Non branching multi nucleated

Identify Cardiac Muscle

Branching of cells/fibers, single centralized nucleus

Identify Smooth muscle

Not striated, spindle shaped cells

Major cell types in Connective Tissue

Fibroblast, macrophages, Mast cells

What does Macrophage mean?

“To eat” can eat problematic cells (white blood cells) wandering cell

Identify Fibroblast

Secretes fibers

Types of Fibroblast

Collagen, Elastic, Reticular

Identify Collagen

Most abundant/thickest and provides strength

Identify Elastic Fibers

Stretchy, bounce back into resting shape, provide flexibility

Identify Reticular fibers

Strong, thinner than Collagen

Identify Mast cells

Secrete Histamine and Heparin

what does Histamine do

Increases leakiness of blood vessels, increases blood flow (vasodilation)

What does Heparin do

Prevent blood clotting, blood thinner, increases blood flow to area

Where are Nervous tissues found

Brain, Spinal cord, nerves

Cell types that make up Nervous tissue

Neurons and Neurolgoa

What do Neurons do

Make and carry electric signal

What does Neurolgia do

Support neurons

3 layers of the skin

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

Describe the Epidermis

Stratified squamous epithelial cells, outer most layer, lacks blood vessels

Describe the Hypodermis

Bottom most layer, adipose tissue and blood vessels present

Describe the Hypodermis

Bottom most layer, adipose tissue and blood vessels present

What are the sublayers of the epidermis

Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Corneum and sometimes Stratum Lucidum in the palms and soles

Which sublayer of the epidermis is the deepest and helps w mitosis?

Stratum Basale

Describe a melanocyte

Produces melanin, gives our skin its color, found in Stratum Basale

Trichosiderin

The pigment that gives rise to red hair

Vasoconstriction

Decreased blood flow to skin

Vasodilation

Increased blood flow to the skin

Describe the Lunula

Most actively growing region of the nail root

What is the nail consist of?

Stratified squamous epithelial cells

Describe Keratinization

New cells are produced, older cells are pushed outwards and harden (keratinize)

Describe the Sebaceous Glands

Secrete sebum (oil) waterproofs hair

What does the Arector Pilli muscle do?

Attaches to hair, causes goosebumps

What is an example of Merocrine secretion

Sweat glands

What is an example of Apocrine secretion

Mammary glands (some sweat glands mostly active in puberty)

What is an example of Holocrine secretion

Sebaceous glands (oil glands)