Chem 10 review ignore for exam lol

Properties of ionic bonds

3D crystals, salts, hard, brittle, dissolve in water, conduct electricity when dissolved, high melting and boiling point

Multivalent ionic compound

Transition metals with more than one possible charge

Polyatomic ion

Connected anions with a charge

Acids

Ionic compounds with at least one hydrogen atom, hydrogen acts as the cation, must have "aq" subscript

Properties of acids

React with metals, produce CO₂ with carbonates, conduct electricity, neutralize bases, sour taste, tangy smell, corrosive

Properties of bases

Conduct electricity, often have hydroxide (OH-) or carbonate (CO₃), neutralize acids, slippery, bitter, do not react with metals or carbonates

Oxyacid

Acid with oxygen atom. Example: H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric acid)

pH scale

Measures acidity/basicity: < 7 acidic, > 7 basic, 7 neutral

Covalent bond

Non-metals share electrons. Ionic compounds transfer electrons

Identifying ionic compounds

Metal + nonmetal. Example: NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

Identifying multivalent ionic bonds

Metal (charge) + nonmetal. Example: Fe₂O₃ (Iron(III) oxide)

Identifying covalent bonds

Nonmetal + nonmetal. Example: H₂O (Water)

Identifying polyatomic ionic compounds

Metal + polyatomic ion. Example: Al₂(SO₄)₃ (Aluminum Sulfate)

Identifying acids

Starts with hydrogen. Example: HCl (Hydrochloric acid), HNO₃ (Nitric acid)

Identifying bases

Often have hydroxide (OH) or carbonate (CO₃). Example: Mg(OH)₂ (Magnesium Hydroxide)

Chemical reaction

Substances change into different substances

Chemical reaction indications

Heat/light change, gas production, solid formation, color change, hard to reverse

Law of Conservation of Mass

Total mass of reactants equals total mass of products

Synthesis

Reactants form a larger compound. Example: A + B → AB

Decomposition

Reactants break down. Example: AB → A + B

Single displacement

One element replaces another. Example: A + BC → BA + C

Double displacement

Elements swap partners. Example: AB + CD → AD + CB

Neutralization

Acid + base → salt + water

Simple combustion

Oxygen is a reactant. Example: Mg + O₂ → MgO

Complete combustion

Carbon-hydrogen + oxygen → water + CO₂

Incomplete combustion

Carbon-hydrogen + oxygen → water + CO