Lab 1 Anatomical directions/planes/cavities

anatomical position

body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing foraward with thumbs pointing away from body, eyes open

used as initial reference point

directional terms

describe one body structure in relation to another body structure

right and left refer to the body being viewed not the right and left of observer

direction is always based off of standard anatomical position

superior (cranial)

towards the head or upper body

above

inferior (caudal)

away from head or towards the lower part of the structure

anterior (ventral)

toward or at the front of the body

in front of

posterior (dorsal)

towards the back of the body

behind

medial

towards the midline

lateral

away from the midline of the body

intermediate

between a more medial a more lateral structure

proximal

closer to the origin of the body part of point of attachment

distal

farther from the origin of a body part of the point of attachment

superficial

toward or at the surface of the body

deep

away from the body surface more internal

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right side

midsgital

parasagital

frontal plane

front and back

traverse

cuts in half top and bottom horizontal

dorsal body cavity

back (brain and spinal cord) cranial + vertebral

ventral body cavity

front cavity (thoracic cavity, abdominal pelvic)

abdominal pelvic cavity

abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity

thoracic cavity

pericardial cavity + plural cavity + superior mediastum

unilateral

a structure that occurs on only one side of the body

liver, spleen, appendix

bilateral

the same structure occurring on both sides of the body

ipsilateral

two different structures that occur on the same side of the body

contralateral

two different structures that occur on opposite sides of body

axial

pertaining to the main axis

head neck and trunk

appendicular

pertains to main axis or central area of body

includes upper limbs and appentis

cephalic

entire head

facial

face

orbital

area around eyes

nasal

nose

buccal

cheek

oral

mouth

mental

chin

cranial

skull

cervical

neck

thoracic

chest front or back

mammary

chest

sternal

sternum

axillary

underarm armpits

abdominal

abdomen

pubic

genital area

vertebral

spinal column

lumbar

lower back

sacral

sacrum

scapular

scapula

acromial

top of shoulder

brachial

upper arm

antecubital

anterior front of elbow

olecranal

back of elbow

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

manual

entire hand

palmer

palm of hand

digital

pertaining to the digits fingers AND toes

pollex

thumb

hollux

big toe

gluteal

butt

femoral

thigh

patellar

pertaining to the front/anterir

popiteal

posterior sifrn

currql