Unit 4 - Chemical Reactions

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13 Terms

1
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Chemical Change

when one substance converted into new substance

2
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Signs that chemical reaction has taken place

  • production of light

  • change in odor

  • change in color

  • precipitate formation

  • change in texture

  • heat formation

  • gas formation

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Solubility Rules (No Exceptions)

All are soluble

  • All nitrates (ending in NO3-)

  • All compounds starting w/ alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+)

  • All acetates (compounds that end in C2H3O2-)

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Solubility Rules (With Exceptions)

  • All Chlorides (Cl-), bromides (Br-), and iodides (I-) EXCEPT if it contains Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2 2+

  • All Sulfates (SO4 2-) EXCEPT Ag2SO4, PbSO4, HgSO4, CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4

  • ONLY alkali metal and NH4+ chromates (CrO4 2-)

  • ONLY alkali metal and NH4+ phosphates (PO4 3-)

  • ONLY alkali metal and NH4+ carbonates (CO3 2-)

  • ONLY alkali metal and Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ hydroxides (OH-)

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3 special net ionic equations

these substances do not exist at normal temp and pressures.. they are not produced they undergo gas evolution reaction

H2CO3 → H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

H2SO3 → H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

NH4OH → H2O (l) + NH3 (g)

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Metallic oxide + H2O = ?

metallic hydroxide (in its ion components IF strong acid/base)

Ex

KOH is a strong base so into ions!

K2O (s) + H2O (l) → 2 K+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)

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Metallic carbonate decomposes into a ____ + ____

Metallic Carbonate → metallic oxide + CO2 gas

Ex

CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

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Metallic Carbonate decomposes into ___ + ____

Metallic Carbonate → metallic chloride + O2 gas

Ex

NaClO3 (s) → NaCl (s) + O2 (g)

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Acids can decompose into ____

nonmetallic oxides

H2CO3 (aq) → H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

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Bases can decompose into ___

metallic oxides

2NaOH (s) → Na2O (s) + H2O (g)

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Equivalence point

when titration reaction is complete..

moles acid = moles base

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How do we know reaction is complete/reached equivalence point?

put acid base indicator into the ACID so it color changes

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When in compounds alkali metals are __ and alkaline earth metals __ (charges)

alkali metals +1

alkali earth metals +2