Unit 3 WACE

Blood Sunday quote

“It was their faith in the Tsar that was riddled with bullets that day” (Lenin, 1905)

When was bloody sunday

Jan 1905

How many marched in bloody sunday?

150 000

WW1 Homefront quote

“Your majesty’s decision will appear to the people to be a confession of the hopelessness of the situation” (Rodzianko, 1915)

WW1 Homefront historian quote

“The government…failed to understand that it needed to actively in their support to ensure the success of the war effort” (Waldron, 1997)

Bad defeats WW1

Battle of Tannenburg and the Masurian lakes

WW1 Warfront quote

“The army is no longer retreating but simply fleeing…Headquaters has completely lost its head.” (Polivanov, 1915)

WW1 Warfront historian quote

“All the problems that had accumulated over the previous half-century came to a sharp focus during the war.” (Waldron, 1997)

Figes on Rasputin quote

“The scandal which surrounded Rasputin’s name was merely a symptom, not a cause, of the acute malaise which inflicted an incompetent and unpopular regime.” (Figes, 1996)

When did the kornilov affair occur?

August 1917

Soviet Order Number One Quote

“The orders of the (Provisional Government) are to be obeyed, with the exception of those instances in which they contradict the orders and decrees of the Soviet.” (Soviet Order No.1, 1917)

Bolshevik Leadership quote

“They possessed in Lenin a leader of great strength and astuteness, and in Trotsky and organiser of extraordinary capacity.” (Greenwood, 1973)

Lenin’s genius historian

“His whole geneius consists in his ability to say what these people want to say but don’t know how to say.” (Serge, 1937)

Land decree quote

“Land proprietorship is abolished forwith without any compensation” (Lenin, 1917)

How many acres of land re-distributed between Oct 1917 and March 1918

20 million acres (Pipes, 1990)

When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?

March 1918

Russian patriots Figes quotes

“For Russian patriots…the Brest-Litovsk Treaty was a national catastrophe” (Figes, 1996)

How much territory was lost in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

700 000km2 and 1/3 of European Territory (Figes, 1996)

Lenin quote about bread

“The supply of bread and food is the first test of power. Without it no government can survive.” (Lenin, 1917)

When was war communism introduced?

June 1918

1918 bread ration statistic

As low as 50% of pre-war levels

Reds railway statistic

By 1919 reds controlled 70% of Russia’s railway network

Figes land retention civil war stat

At lowest point of civil war reds still retained 1/5 of old russian empire (Figes, 1996)

what size did Trotsky increase the army to

A million men (figes, 1996)

Lenin hanging quote

“Hang (and I mean hang so that people can see) no less than 100 known kulaks…so that for hundreds of miles people can see, know tremble and cry.” (Lenin, 1918)

When was the CHEKA created

Dec 1917

When was Lenin’s attempted assassination?

August 1918

Whites were weak but reds strong historian quote

“Why the whites were indeed fragmented, it was the Bolsheviks superior organisation…and the leadership of figures like Trotsky that ultimately secured their victory.” (Mawdsley, 2007)

What was Stalin’s position in the Politburo?

General Secretary and head of the Orgburo

Stalin’s control historian quote

“Stalin’s control over the party apparatus was a key to his success…ensuring a loyal base of support.” (Figes, 1997)

Stalin’s enemies historian quote

“Trotsky and Bukharin might win the argument, but Stalin invariably won the vote”. (Ward, 1993)

politics is art historian quote

Politics is the art of the possible. After 1924 all the possibilities belonged to Stalin" (Lynch, 2008)

When did lenin die?

1924

When did Stalin’s great turn begin?

Around 1928

How many died in Holomodor

5 million

Factory output stat stalin

Increased by 350% (Neil, 2023)

Stalin 5 year plan quote

"We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this lag in ten years. Either we do it, or we shall go under." (Stalin, 1931)

Shift in working class population

18%-50% from 28-39

the people meant nothing to stalin quote

"To Stalin the aim was supreme; the people meant nothing". (Volkogonov, 1991)

Stalin education quote

"The idea was to initiate the children into the practices, cults and rituals of the Soviet system so that they would grow up to become loyal and active Communists." (Figes, 2007)

Churches burned by stalin stat

By 1939, only 1 in 40 churches from 1930 were still open. (Pipes, 1994)

Burden on women historian quote

“The state expected women to bear children, raise them, and work full time in factories, offices, and fields. The burden was enormous, and the contradictions were intense.”  (Goldman, 1993)