24-3 Sac state Paramedic Mod 1 test questions

What is the final result of Spermatogenisis?

4 Spermatids, haploid, 23 chromosomes

What is the result from one glucose molecule going through Glycolysis?

4 ATP (2 net), 2NADH, 2 pyruvate

What is the phase of menstruation where the uterine lining thickens in preparation for a zygote?

Proliferative Phase

Where does the brain herniate into in ICP?

Magnum Foramen

Where in the digestive system are most nutrients absorbed?

Jejunum (Middle of small intestine)

What are atoms attracted to?

Opposite charge

What is the vein that brings nutrients from the GI tract to the Liver?

Portal Vein

What are the phases of Cardiac action Potential?

Phase 4: Rest, -90mV.

Phase 0: Some Sodium channels open, sodium rushes in, once -70mV (Threshold) is reached, all open and action potential goes positive.

Phase 1: Sodium channels close. Potassium channels open, potassium rushed out.

Phase 2: Calcium channels open, some calcium enters cell to prolong repolarization.

Phase 3: Calcium channels close, potassium is still open, action potential drops to -90.

Phase 4: -90 is reached, cell is back at rest. Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium are transported back to original location.

What is the opening to the Respiratory System?

Nose (Nostrils, Nares)

Electric charge of electron, proton, neutron.

Electron - Negative

Proton - Positive

Neutron - Neutral, no charge

What are the Accessory structures of the digestive system?

Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder, teeth, tongue

What does a pH of 7.5 indicate?

Alkalosis

Where does digestion begin?

The mouth

What % of plasma is H2O?

92%

What does Alpha cells in the pancreas release?

Glucagon

What is a group of cells with a common purpose called?

Tissue

What dose an enzyme do?

Speeds up reactions, catalyst

What does Beta cells in the pancreas release?

Insulin

What is the pH going to be in someone with high CO2?

Low, Acidotic

Two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic (Voluntary) and Autonomic (Automatic)

Afferent vs Efferent Nerves

Afferent (ayyy) toward brain, Efferent (eww) away from brain

How does water interact with the bilipid cell membrane?

Head = Hydrophilic

Tail = Hydrophobic

What is the purpose of Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

Cell membrane is outer protective layer, Cytoplasm is gelatinous substance that supports cell structures, Nucleus is located near middle of cell (holds DNA)

What is the term for blood that comes back to the right side of the heart?

Preload

What is one thing that every cell must do?

Cellular Respiration

Mitosis phases

Interphase - Rest, cell grows and makes copy of DNA

Prophase - Motor proteins move to opposite side of cell

Metaphase - Longest phase, can take up to 20 minutes. Chromosomes. Motor proteins attach to chromosomes, chromosomes line up in middle.

Anaphase - Chromosomes get pulled to either side of cell.

Telophase - New cells begin to form

Cytokinesis - Cleavage forms, cell splits into two.

4 characteristics of cardiac cells

Automaticity

Excitability

Conductivity

Contractility

What is the main purpose of the respiratory system?

Gas Exchange

What is the anatomical location where the Mac blade goes to lift the epiglottis out of the way, to visualize the vocal cords?

Vallecula

Characteristics of the vagina?

Expandable, acidic to avoid bacteria growth

The Adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, what is the purpose of catecholamines?

Vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate

What is the term for pressure the heart must overcome in the systemic system?

After load

What is the movement of blood through the heart?

Vena Cava, RA, RV, Pulmonary Artery, Lungs, Pulmonary Vein, LA, LV, Aorta

Functions of the Oculomotor Nerve (3)

regulates the shape of the eye, constricts the pupils, and controls many of the muscles that move the eyeball

What is the epithelial structure structure that attaches to organs?

Visceral Pleura

Functions of the Integumentary System?

Protection, Temp regulation, fluid regulation, sensation, inflammatory response

What hormone causes oogenisis to continue once puberty is reached?

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

What male reproductive structure secretes carbohydrates and other substances to feed sperm?

Seminal Vesicle

Strongest bone in the skull?

Mandible

Where does chyme prepare for entry into the large intestine?

Cecum

Location in brain where Medulla oblongata and pons are?

Brain Stem

Three Components of Connective Tissue?

Ground Substance, Specialized Cells, Protein Fibers

What does angiotensin II do?

Vasoconstriction(Sympathetic Activation), ADH release from posterior pituitary,

Aldosterone release, NA and H20 reabsorption

Type of Membrane, which by definition is not exposed to the external environment?

Serous Membrane (Visceral, Parietal)

Where does external respiration occur?

alveoli

What type of blood can A+ receive?

A+, A-, O+, O-

Layer of skin that contains Hair roots?

Subcutaneous layers

Layer of skin that houses Nerve and vascular endings?

Dermis

Type of Joint that allows for free movement?

Synovial (Diarthroses)

What is proprioception?

Understanding of where your bones and joints are in relation to the rest of your body.

What type of bones are the metacarpals, and metatarsals?

Short bones

What is the physical orientation of your DNA called?

Genotype

Where does sperm matures for 20 days?

Epididymis

What does testosterone not do to the body?

Cause increased Hair growth on the head

It does Cause:

Scalp hair loss

Body hair

Enlarged larynx

Increased muscle growth

Strengthening of bone

What is a characteristic of steroidal hormones?

They can enter a cell without a key.

What is in the RUQ?

Liver, Gallbladder, Small intestine

What does the follicle become if the oocyte is fertilized during ovulation?

Corpus Luteum

What does the Epiglottis do?

Guide food into the esophagus, closes off trachea when swallowing

Epithelial structure that covers the abdominal cavity

Peritoneum

What is Tidal Volume?

The volume of air inhaled in a single breath

What are the Atrioventricular valves?

Tricuspid, Bicuspid (Mitral )

What type of bone is the sternum and ribs>

Flat bones

What is the phase of the heart when it relaxes?

Diastole

If stroke volume goes down what must happen for Cardiac output to remain the same?

Increased Heart rate

What is the layer of the heart that actually contracts?

Myocardium

Conduction System Pathway

SA, AV, Bundle of His, Bundle branches, Purkinje Fibers.

Is endocrine fast or slow?

Slow because it reads the blood

Cranial nerve that goes into the abdomen, activates sympathetic NS

Vagus Nerve (10)

How does H+ get transported to the wall of the mitochondria for the ETC to take place?

NADH, FADH

Neuron Action potential threshold?

-55mV

Which organ has endocrine and exocrine functions?

Pancreas

What is the function of the Lymphatic system?

Filters Red Blood cells, debris, and bacteria

What is the correct pathway of Efferent and Afferent nerves?

Sensation>Afferent>Spinal Cord>Efferent>Motor>Brain

What makes up the brain stem?

Pons, Medulla oblongata, Midbrain

What is unique about fat soluble vitamins?

The are stored as bile in the gallbladder.

What is the opening to the respiratory system?

The Nostrils/Nares

What is the exchange of oxygen at the alveoli called?

External Respiration

What is the life span of a red blood cell, Platelet?

RBC: 120 Days

Platelet: 7-10 days

What does Fibrinogen do?

Forms a fibrin sheet over platelets to create a clot.

What is the muscle that connect from the shoulder to the spinal column?

Trap