Church History, Christian Living quiz flashcards

Doctrinal differences

Disagreements over theological beliefs, such as the nature of the Trinity and papal authority.

Ecclesiastical differences

Conflicts regarding Church governance and structure, including the role of the Pope.

Linguistic barriers

Differences in language (Latin in the West, Greek in the East) that contributed to misunderstandings between churches.

Filioque

A Latin phrase meaning "and the Son," referring to the Roman Catholic belief that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son.

Sola Scriptura

The Protestant belief that the Bible alone is the ultimate authority in matters of faith and practice.

Sola Fide

The Protestant belief in salvation by faith alone, without the need for works.

Predestination

The belief that God has already chosen who will be saved, associated with John Calvin.

Indulgences

Certificates sold by the Catholic Church that were believed to reduce time in Purgatory, criticized during the Protestant Reformation.

Martin Luther

A German monk who translated the Bible into German and initiated the Protestant Reformation by posting the Ninety-five Theses.

Great Schism

The 1054 division between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church due to doctrinal, ecclesiastical, and cultural differences.

Papal Authority

The belief in the Pope's supreme authority over the Church, a major point of contention in the Great Schism.

Eastern Orthodox Leadership

The Orthodox Church is led by regional patriarchs rather than a single supreme leader like the Pope.

Printing Press

A key invention that helped spread Protestant ideas by making books, including the Bible, more widely available.

John Calvin

A Protestant Reformer known for his teachings on predestination and establishing Calvinism.

Anglican Church

Founded by Henry VIII after he split from the Catholic Church over the issue of divorce.

Roman Catholic Church

The branch of Christianity led by the Pope, emphasizing papal authority, sacraments, and tradition alongside Scripture.

Eastern Orthodox Church

The branch of Christianity that split from Rome in the Great Schism of 1054, led by regional patriarchs and emphasizing tradition and liturgy.

95 Theses

A list of arguments against Church practices, especially the sale of indulgences, written by Martin Luther in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation.