Exercise 2 - Anatomical Terms & Homeostasis

Definitions from Lab Manual + Discussion Questions

Homeostasis

is the ability of an organism to maintain consistency in the internal environment

Receptor

a cell or series of cells capable of perceiving and translating the stimulus into an electrical (nervous) impulse.

Afferent Pathway

represented by a sensory neuron that transmits the signal to an integrating center

Integrating center

(usually CNS)

processes and interprets the signals and decides what response is necessary

Efferent Pathway

sends a signal via an effector

Effector

usually a muscle cell of some type

Overview of Reflex Arc

(starts) receptor → afferent pathway → integrating center → efferent pathway → effector (end)

Negative Feedback Loop

response opposes the stimulus, then reflex shuts off itself

Positive Feedback Loop

response were to increase the level of stimulation

Homeostatic Reflexes

speed & set point

Where is the appendix located

right iliac region

Is the finger (distal/proximal) to the wrist

distal

What plane divides the body into cross sections

Transverse Plane

The femoral region is (superior or inferior) to the crural region

superior

What part of the reflex arc carries the signal to the CNS

Afferent Pathway

In anatomical position, the thumb is (lateral or medial) to the index finger

lateral

Body Regions

anatomical terms for specific locations

abdominal

located below the ribs and above the hips

acromial

point of the shoulder

antebrachial

forearm

antecubital

anterior surface of the elbow

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm (upper portion of the upper limb)

basically the space between shoulder and elbow

buccal

cheek (facial)

calcaneal

head of the foot

carpal

wrist

cephalic

head

cervical

neck

coxal

hip

crural

leg

shin/front of the leg

digital

fingers or toes

femoral

thigh

fibular (peroneal)

side of leg

frontal

forehead

gluteal

buttocks

hallux

great (big) toe

inguinal

groin

lumbar

lower back

mammary

breast

manus

hand

mental

chin

nasal

nose

occipital

back of the head

olecranal

back of the elbow

oral

mouth

orbital

bony eye socket

otic

ear

palmer

palm of the hand

patellar

kneecap

pedal

foot

pedal to the metal

pelvic

pelvis

perineal

between the anus and the external genitalia

plantar

sole of the foot

pollex

thumb

popliteal

back of the knee

pubic

genital

sacral

posterior region between the hip bones

scapular

shoulder blade

sternal

breastbone

sural

calf

tarsal

ankle

thoracic

chest

umbilical

navel

vertebral

spine