Stats Exam #3 Conceptual Terms

hypothesis test

a procedure for testing a claim about a property of a population.

critical region

is the area corresponding to all values of

the test statistic that cause us to reject the null hypothesis

p-value

the probability of getting a value of the test statistic that is at least as extreme as the test statistic obtained from the sample data, assuming that the null hypothesis is true

the power

a hypothesis test is the probability 1-b of rejecting a false null

hypothesis. The value of the power is computed by using a particular significance

level a and a particular value of the population parameter that is an alternative to

the value assumed true in the null hypothesis

independent sample

if the sample values from one population are not

related to or somehow naturally paired or matched with the sample values from the

other population

dependent sample

if the sample values are somehow matched, where the matching is based on some inherent relation-ship.

correlation

exists between two variables when the values of one variable are

somehow associated with the values of the other variable

linear correlation

exists between two variables when there is a correlation and

the plotted points of paired data result in a pattern that can be approximated by a

straight line

linear correlation coefficient r

measures the strength of the linear correlation

between the paired quantitative x values and y values in a sample.

spurious correlation

is a correlation that doesn’t have an actual association