Prelims: TFN Reviewer
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150 Terms
Fact
An empirical observation
Idea
A group of interrelated facts
Concept
A word or cluster of words describing an object, idea, or event
Concept
An abstraction based on observation of certain behaviors or characteristics and describes the essence of a thing
Conceptual Framework
Set of interrelated concepts that serve as building blocks of theories
Conceptual Framework
Interrelated concepts or abstractions that are assembled together in some relational scheme by virtue of their relevance to a common theme
Hypothesis
A statement of predicted relationships between two or more valuables, subjected to testing in empirical studies
Assumptions
Basic principles that are accepted as being true on the basis of logic or reason without proof or verification
Theory
A formal statement that is constructed in order to organize ideas and explain events
Theory
A systematic way of looking at the world in order to describe, explain, predict and control it
Theory
A group of related concepts that propose actions that guide practice
Nursing Theory
An organized and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to questions in nursing
Theoretical Framework
A set of interrelated theories that organizes the direction of a research endeavor/ scientific inquiry
What are the components of a Theory?
Purpose, Concepts and Definitions, Theoretical Statements, Structure and Linkages, Assumptions and Models
Purpose
Explains why the theory was formulated and specifies the context and situations in which it should be applied
Concepts
These are logistic labels.
Definition
Defines the concept in relation to other concepts and permits the description and classification of phenomena
Theoretical Statements
Statements about the relationship between two or more concepts are used to connect concepts to devise the theory
Structure
Provides overall form to the theory
Linkages
Offer a reasoned explanation of why the variables in the theory may be connected in some manner
Models
Schematic representation of some aspect of reality
Environmental Theory
There is a relationship between the client’s surroundings (external and internal environment) and his recovery or healing.
May 12, 1820 — August 13, 1910
When did Florence Nightingale live?
St. Thomas Hospital
This place is known as the “Birth of Modern Nursing”.
1800
During this year, “Nursing knowledge was distinct from medical knowledge”
1950
This year was the “Emergence of nursing as a science”
1970
During this year, “Research revealed that nursing lacked conceptual connections and theoretical framework”
1980
This is the year the nursing theory was developed.
Nursing Paradigm
Patterns or models used to show a clear relationship among the existing theoretical works in nursing
Man, Health, Environment and Nursing
What are the 4 main elements of nursing paradigm?
Metaparadigm
Global perspective of a discipline that identifies the primary phenomena of interest to that discipline and explains how the discipline deals with those phenomena in a unique manner
Nursing Metaparadigm
Embodies the knowledge base, theory, philosophy, research, practice, and educational experience and literature identified with the profession of nursing
Florence Nightingale
According to this theorist, person is defined in relation to his/her environment and the impact of the environment upon him/her. They are also referred to as the patient.
Florence Nightingale
According to this theorist, health is the balance between a human and his/her environment. It is the state of being well and using every power (resource) to the fullest extent in living life.
Disease and Illness
It is the result when a person does not attend to their health concerns.
Health Maintenance
Can be done through the means of environmental control and social responsibility
Florence Nightingale
According to this theorist, environment is used to describe someone’s surroundings.
Nursing
According to Nightingale, it is the manipulation of physical environment.
Trephining
The drilling of the skull without anesthesia to drive spirits away.
Florence Nightingale
She is the lady with the lamp.
Noise, Air, Health of Houses, Nutrition, Chattering Hopes, Cleanliness, Bedding, Light and Variety
What are the major areas that can be controlled by the nurse?
Faye Glenn Abdellah
Who created the 21 nursing problems?
Faye Glenn Abdellah
According to this theorist, individuals are the recipients of nursing. It may also be families and society.
Psychological, Biological, and Social
According to Abdellah, the areas of importance in an individual are?
Faye Glenn Abdellah
According to this theorist, nursing is a comprehensive service that is based on art and science.
Nursing Problems
It is a condition faced by the patient or patient’s family that the nurse, through the performance of professional functions, can assist them to meet. It can be covert or overt.
Holistic Nursing Care
What is the good word in nursing?
Virginia Henderson
This theorist created the 14 basic needs.
Virginia Henderson
According to this theorist, a person has a complete and independent being with biological, sociological and spiritual components.
Virginia Henderson
According to this theorist, Health is the ability to perform independently the 14 basic needs. It is basic to human functioning and that promotion of health is more important than care of the sick.
Virginia Henderson
According to this theorist, environment is the aggregate of external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism.
Virginia Henderson
According to this theorist, the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery.
Dorothea Orem
She created the Self-deficit theory.
Dorothea Orem
According to this theorist, human beings are distinguished from other living things. They have the potential for learning and developing and integrating human functioning.
Dorothea Orem
According to this theorist, environment is an external source of influence in the internal interaction of a person’s different aspects.
Dorothea Orem
According to this theorist, health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It is also the physical, psychological, interpersonal and social aspects of health that are inseparable in the individual. It bears the concept of preventive health care.
Dorothea Orem
According to this theorist, nursing is helping clients to establish or identify ways to perform self-care activities. It is a distinguished human service that is based on values.
Nursing Actions
These are geared towards the independence of the client.
The theory of self-care, theory of dependent care and the theory of nursing systems
What are the 3 related theories in the Theory of Self-deficit?
Wholly Compensatory System
A nursing system where the nurse does all the job.
Partly Compensatory System
A nursing system where the nurse and the patient help each other.
Supportive-educative System
A nursing system where the patient does everything while being supervised by the nurse.
Self-care
Activities that individuals carry out on their own behalf
Self-care Agency
Acquired ability or power to engage in self-care
Self-care Requisites
Reasons for which self-care is undertaken
Nursing Agency
Complex property or attribute of people educated and trained as nurses that enable them to act, to know, and to help others meet their therapeutic self-care demands by exercising or developing their own self-care agency
Nursing Systems
Series and sequences of deliberate practical actions of nurses performed at times in coordination with the actions of their patients to know and meet components of patient’s therapeutic self-care demands and to protect and regulate the exercise/devt. of patient’s self-care agency
Lydia Hall
She developed the Care, core, and cure theory in the late 1960s.
Lydia Hall
According to this theorist, an individual is unique, capable of growth and learning, and requires a total person approach.
Lydia Hall
According to this theorist, health is a state of self-awareness with conscious selection of behaviors towards self-identity and maturity.
Lydia Hall
According to this theorist, nursing is identified as consisting of participation in the care, core, and cure aspects of patient care. The job of nurses is to care, whose major purpose is to achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual.
Care
Hands on bodily care
Core
Using self in relationship to patient
Cure
Seeing the patient and family through medical care
Jean Watson
She created the Theory of Transpersonal Caring.
Jean Watson
According to this theorist, personhood is the person, life and self. Personhood means one’s soul possesses a body. It is a unity of mind/body/spirit/nature. It is a fully functional integrated self. And, it is greater than and different from, the sum of his or her parts.
Illness
It is a subjective turmoil or disharmony within the person’s inner self.
Jean Watson
According to this theorist, the nurse's role in the environment is to attend to supportive, protective, and or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environments.
Caring Attitude
It is transmitted by the culture of the profession as a unique way of coping with its environment.
Jean Watson
According to this theorist, nursing consists of knowledge, thought, values, philosophy, commitment, and action, with some degree of passion. Moreover, it is concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick and restoring health.
Caring
It is the essence of nursing.
Caritas
It means “to cherish and to give special loving attention”.
Carative Factors
These are guide for the core of nursing.
Transpersonal Caring Moment
A special kind of human relationship dependent on the nurse’s commitment to protecting and enhancing human dignity and a deeper/higher self.
Caring Moment or Occasion
Moment when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created
Dorothy Johnson
She created the Behavioral System Model.
Dorothy Johnson
According to this theorist, a person is a behavioral system with patterned, repetitive, and purposeful ways of behaving that link the person with the environment.
Dorothy Johnson
According to this theorist, health is an elusive, dynamic state that is influenced by psychological, social, and biological factors.
Dorothy Johnson
According to this theorist, environment is a factor that influence a behavioral system.
Dorothy Johnson
According to this theorist, nursing is an external force which acts to preserve the organization and integration of the patient’s behavior at an optimal level.
Behavioral System Model
According to this model, each individual has patterned, purposeful, repetitive ways of acting that comprise a behavioral system specific to that individual.
7
How many subsystems are there in Behavioral System Model?
Attachment or Affiliative
It is a behavioral subsystem that is the first to develop. It is the most critical and it allows social inclusion, intimacy and the formation and maintenance of a strong social bond. It also provides survival and security.
Dependency
It is a behavioral subsystem that promotes helping behavior that calls for a nurturing response, and results in approval, attention or recognition, and physical assistance. It is also the difficulty to separate from the affiliative.
Ingestive
It is a behavioral subsystem that relates to the behavior surrounding the intake of food.
Eliminative
It is a behavioral subsystem that relates to behaviors surrounding the excretion of waste products from body.
Sexual
It is a behavioral subsystem that reflects behavior related to procreation.
Achievement
It is a behavioral subsystem that provokes behavior that achieve to control environment.
Aggressive
It is a behavioral subsystem that relates to behaviors concerned with protection and self preservation. It is the defensive responses from the individual when life or territory is threatened but it does not include behaviors with the purpose of injuring others.
Myra Estrin Levin
She created the Conservation Model.