Youth Crime and Criminal Justice System

These flashcards cover key concepts related to youth crime, the criminal justice system, and legislative changes in Canada.

What is the minimum age in Canada at which a child can be charged with a criminal offense?

12 years old.

What is the purpose of the Youth Criminal Justice Act in Canada?

To prevent youth crime, provide meaningful consequences for criminal acts, encourage the responsibility of behavior, and improve rehabilitation and reintegration of youth into the community.

What is the age crime curve?

It refers to the consistent pattern that shows crime rates increase in early adolescence and decrease as individuals transition into adulthood.

What was the Juvenile Delinquents Act?

The 1908 legislation that recognized special circumstances for juvenile offenders, treating them differently than adults in terms of court procedures and sanctions.

How has youth incarceration changed since the introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act?

Youth incarceration rates have declined significantly, indicating that the act successfully diverts youth from custody.

What is extrajudicial measure?

Alternatives to formal court processing for youth, such as warnings or referrals to community programs.

What is the significance of the term 'delinquent' in the context of juvenile justice prior to the Young Offenders Act?

Juvenile offenders were viewed as delinquents rather than criminals, which aimed to recognize their developmental differences.

What percentage of youth accused of crimes in 2014 were charged by police compared to adults?

About 48% of youth accused were charged, compared to 63% of adults.

What was a major criticism of the original Juvenile Delinquents Act?

The informality of youth courts that sometimes denied youth their rights, including access to legal counsel.

What did the Young Offenders Act replace, and what was a significant change it introduced?

It replaced the Juvenile Delinquents Act and raised the minimum age for criminal responsibility from 7 to 12.

What is an intervention strategy in the context of problem-solving?

An intervention strategy is a targeted approach designed to initiate change and address specific issues or challenges.

What are the types of intervention strategies?

Types of intervention strategies can include behavioral, cognitive, and social strategies.

What does a behavioral intervention strategy involve?

A behavioral intervention strategy focuses on modifying observable behaviors to improve outcomes.

What is the role of cognitive intervention strategies?

Cognitive intervention strategies aim to change thought patterns and beliefs to influence behavior and emotions.

What defines a social intervention strategy?

A social intervention strategy leverages social networks and community resources to effect change and support individuals.