era of wars standard

aster revolution

democratic revolution aiming multyparty elections, increased rights of franchise and land reform (Károlyi Mihály)

Hungarian Party of Communists (KMP)

left wing party stringthened by Bolshevik ideology and the disastrous outcome of the WW1 - lead by Kun Béla

council republic

communist revolution and takeover in 1919 March, introducing Soviet type self-government system

counter-revolution

a revolution whose aim is to reverse the changes introduced by a previous revolution - right wing, moderate change directed by Bethlen and his conservative-Christian political forces

Regent

A person who rules a country for someone who is unable to rule alone (Governer) - Horthy Miklós 1920-1944

Red Terror

The campaign of mass arrests and executions conducted by the (Bolshevik) Kun Béla government

White Terror

The hunting down and assassinating of former representatives of the Council Republic

consolidation

the changes that take place in the structure and political-social everydays aiming the stabilsation

revision

the act of rewriting the false Versailles/Trianon treaty, claiming the territories back

pengő

currency of the Horthy era, 1927

Hungarian National Bank

Founded in 1924 from the investment of the loan from the League of Nations, aimed to stabilize the financial background for the country

cultural superiority

the belief that one culture is more enlightened, advanced, civilized, or intelligent than another - introduced by Klebelsberg Kunó

Laws on Jews

Legal steps to disclude and eliminate Jews from economic, publeicnd poltical life.

First Wienna Award

Gaining the southern strip of Upper Hungary from Czechoslovakia, 1938. November 02.

Second Wienna Award

Gaining Northern Transylvania back frm Romania, 1940. 08. 30.

ghetto

separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live

deportation

the action of moving the Jews from a country, the aim is the realisation of teh Final Solution

labour service

Free work compulsory for Jewish population organised and ordered by Nazi political force.

captivity of war

The enemy took captives and kept the previous soldiers in prison vcamp or work camp for yera. Typically lasted long in the SU - thousands never returned

malenkij robot

"small work" - thousands of Hungarians are aken to the SU in times of the Soviet invasion - to help the rebuilding of the Soviet Union

Charles IV

Last king of Hungary. The Padova armistice, then the Trianon treaty forbid his return as a king, however he tried to return 2 times in 1921

Károlyi, Mihály

Leader of the Party of 48 and Independence, aimed to change the old royal Hungary to a modern, democratic one

Garami, Ernő

the first Social Democratic Poltician

Kun, Béla

Communist Party, Council Revolution, dictatorship of the Proletariat,1919

Apponyi, Albert

Dualist politician, member of the Hungarian delegation travelling to Paris signing the Trianon Treaty, famous speech against it

Horthy, Miklós

Regent of Hungary (1920-1944)

Teleki, Pál

Christian Conservative poltician, Geographer, Cartographer. Made the Red Map claiming territorries with pure Hungarian nationality at the peace conference. Prime minsiter for two times, 1920-21 and 1939-41.

Bethlen, István

Prime minsiter bw 1921-1931. Consolidation of the poltical, economic and social life

Klebelsberg, Kunó

Cultural minister, development of the idea of cultural superiority. Massive development of education on all levels

Szent-Györgyi, Albert

Scientist, Noble-prize winner, discovery of Vitamin C

Szálasi, Ferenc

Leader of the Arrow Cross, exreme Nazi type party. Sole leader after the failed quitting from the war in 1944 october.

Wallenberg

Swedish diplomat, serving in Budapest and safeguarding and saving hundreds of Jews in the years of persecution

1918.10.31

Aster revolution is victorious

1918.11.03

Padova armistice

1919.03.21-08.01

Dictatorship of the Proletariat in Hungary

1920.march

Horthy elected Regent

1920.06.04

Trianon peace treaty

1920

Numerus Clausus, land reform (Teleki-government)

1921-31

Premiership of Bethlen István

1927

pengő

1938.11.02.

First Vienna Decision

1939.march

Transcarpathia is reconquered

1940.08.30.

Second Vienna Decision

Independence Party

Party of Károlyi, Mihály 1918, part of the Hungarian National Council founded in 1918. Oct.24.

Hungarian Social Democratic Party

Lead by Peyer Károly, part of the Hungarian National Council founded in 1918. Oct.24.

Lenin's Boys

During the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919, the Revolutionary Governing Council was a political task force during the months of the Red Terror.

red map

Created by Teleki, Pál it shows the distribution of ethnic groups in the Carpathian Basin (Hungarians marked by red)

reparations

As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany and Hungary were ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war.

Rongyos gárda (Ragged Militia)

The aim of the self-organising (irregular) armed group was to resist the communists during the Soviet Republic in Hungary, and after its fall they actively participated in the White Terror.

St. Stephen's State ideology

Basic theory of Interwar Hungary developed by Teleki Pál. Main ideas: the Hungarian state has never been, and after the First World War must never be, limited to the territories inhabited by the Hungarian ethnic group, but must include all the peoples of the Carpathian Basin. It serves a basis for revision.

United Party

Created by the merge of the Party of the Christian National Unity and the Smallholders's Party in 1921. Serves as the background for Bethlen's consolidation

1938

1st Law on Jews

1939

2nd Law on Jews

1920-1944

Horthy Era

1941

3rd Law on Jews