Qual 2 Qualitative data analysis

4 qualities of qualitative data analysis

systematic, inductive, describes and interprets data, complex

What does transcription involve?

Transcribing speech verbatim using standard spelling conventions or more complex methods

What is the Jefferson system of transcription?

It includes prosody, paralinguistics, and extralinguistic elements

What is prosody

phonemic aspects of spoken language e.g. intonation

What is paralinguistics

non-phonemic aspects of langue e.g. serious

What is extralinguistic

non-linguistic aspects e.g. gesture

What is the aim of content analysis

use qualitative data to examine patterns in communication in a replicable and systematic manner

What is the aim of grounded theory

to generate theories of social phenomena through systematic data analysis

What is the aim of discourse of conversation analysis

to identify rules of conversational organisation

What is the aim of interpretative phenomenological analysis

to understand how a given person makes sense of a given phenomenon

How does Braun and Clarke define thematic analysis?

A method for identifying, analysing, and reporting patterns (themes) within data.

What 3 ways makes TA flexible?

It can be semantic or latent, inductive or deductive, essentialist or constructionist.

Thematic analysis is relatively __ and __ to learn and do

easy, quick

Thematic analysis is accessible to __

novice researchers

Thematic analysis ___ key features of a large body of data

summarises

Across a data set, thematic analysis highlights ___

similarities and differences

Thematic analysis can generate __ insights

unanticipated

Thematic analysis allows for social and psychological ___ of data

interpretations

Who are results of thematic analysis accessible to

educated general public

What are the six phases of TA?

(1) Data familiarisation, (2) Generating codes, (3) Searching for themes, (4) Reviewing themes, (5) Defining and naming themes, (6) Producing a report

What is the inductive approach

whereby codes and themes are derived from the data, rather than using pre-defined set of concepts and assumptions

4 key processes in data familiarisation

re-reading data, keep research question in mind, data immersion and not rushing

Why is it important not to rush initial impressions into themes?

To avoid being anecdotal and ensure systematic analysis.

What are codes in qualitative analysis?

Concise labels that identify features of the data, either semantic (descriptive) or latent (interpretative).

What does codes in qualitative analysis refer to

the most basic segment of raw data

What is the distinction between 1st-order and 2nd-order codes?

1st-order codes are Descriptive/semantic (surface level), 2nd-order codes are abstract/latent (underlying meanings).

How does Braun and Clarke define a theme?

A theme captures something important about the data related to the research question and represents some level of patterned response or meaning

What concept do themes provide to bring codes together

central organising concept

What does "searching for themes" involve?

Actively shaping codes into a coherent story by grouping them into categories or candidate themes.

4 key questions to consider when reviewing themes

(1) evident across multiple data items, (2) is there any overlap, (3) do the themes answer the research question, (4) do themes capture most codes

Why is qualitative analysis an iterative process?

Progress often involves returning to earlier phases, like coding or searching for themes.

3 qualities of theme names

concise, informative and catchy

What is a thematic map?

A tool to visualize the overall structure of the analysis, showing how themes form a cohesive story.

4 aspects in theme writing

analytic narrative (story), interpretation of data, theme definition, theme names