Computer Science 8 - Chapter 1 Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from Chapter 1 of the Computer Science 8 course, focusing on what a computer is, its functions, types, and historical context.

Computer

A programmable (usually electronic) machine that converts raw data into useful information.

Information Processing Cycle

The process that converts data into information including input, processing, storage, and output.

Bit

The smallest unit of digital data, which can have two values (1 or 0).

Byte

A unit of measurement that equals 8 bits.

ASCII

A character encoding standard that uses 8 bits for each character, developed for English.

Unicode

A character encoding standard that uses 16 bits for each character, allowing representation of almost all languages.

Moore's Law

The prediction that the number of transistors on a computer chip would double every 2 years for at least a decade.

Supercomputers

The fastest, most expensive computers, capable of processing complex calculations, commonly used in research.

Personal Computers

Computers designed for use by one person at a time, including desktops, laptops, and tablets.

Client / Server Computing

A network architecture where clients request services from a server.

Ubiquitous Computing

Technology that integrates into the background and environment, becoming part of everyday life.