Hildebrant, Human Geography for the AP® Course 1e - Module 9

demographic equation

The method for calculating total population of a country or place based on natural increase and migration over a period of time (usually a year).

crude birth rate (CBR)

The average number of births per 1000 people; the traditional way of measuring birth rates

low birth rate

A crude birth rate between 10 and 20 births per 1000 people

transitional birth rate

A crude birth rate between 20 and 30 per 1000 people

high birth rate

A crude birth rate of more than 30 per 1000 people

total fertility rate (TFR)

The average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime, considered to be from 15 to 49 years of age

replacement level fertility

The average number of children needed to replace both parents and stabilize population over time

gender roles

Culturally specific notions of what it means to be a man or woman

crude death rate (CDR) or mortality rate

The number of deaths per year per 1000 people

infant mortality rate (IMR)

A measure of how many infants die within the first year of their life per 1000 live births

child mortality

Deaths of children under five years of age

rate of natural increase (RNI)

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population

zero population growth (ZPG)

When a country has the same number of births and deaths in a given year, its RNI is zero

doubling time

The number of years it takes for a population to double in size

rule of 70

A tool for calculating the doubling time of a population by dividing 70 by a country's rate of natural increase (RNI)