Anatomy Exam #2 - Professor Angela (still editing)

Students please make a copy and edit it if you find some terms hard to understand or incorrect. Write it in a way that makes sense to you!

Which bones are in the axial region?

Skull, spine, rib cage bones

What is the function of the cranial bones?

Protects brain

What is the function of facial bones?

Supports the face

What are fontanelles?

Soft membrane connecting bones in infants

Zygomatic arch

Attachment site for chewing muscles

Mastoid process

attachment site for neck muscles

Styloid process

attachment site for tongue, larynx

Mandibular fossa

articulation point for mandible

External acoustic meatus

sound waves travel through

Carotid canal

passageway for carotid artery

Internal acoustic meatus

passageway for vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8) and facial nerve (CN7)

External occipital protuberance

attachment site for trapezius (upper back muscle)

Foramen magnum

passageway for spinal cord

Occipital condyle

attachment site for atlas vertebrae

Sella turcica

houses pituitary gland

Crista galli

attachment site for meninges

Olfactory foramina

passageway for olfactory nerves (CN1)

Optic canal

passageway for optic nerve (CN2)

Superior orbital fissure

passageway for 3 eye motor nerves (CN3, CN4, CN6)

Foramen rotundum

Passageway for maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (CN5)

Foramen ovale at

passageway for mandibular branch at trigeminal nerve (CN)

Inferior orbital fissure

passageway for zygomatic nerve

Hypoglossal canal

passageway for hypoglossal nerve (CN12)

Jugular foramen

passageway for internal, jugular vein

Nasolacrimal canal

passageway for lacrimal fluid (tears)

Nasal concha

forms lateral walls of nasal cavity, filters, warms, humidifes air as you breathe

Coronoid process

attachment site for chewing muscles

Condylar process

attaches to mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Mental foramen

passageway for sensory nerves

Mandibular foramen of

passageway for mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN5)

The sinuses

Lightens bones of the skull includes frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, ethmoidal

Hyoid

Attachment site for tongue, larynx (voice box), pharynx (back of the throat)

Auditory ossicles

Transmit/amplify sound waves into inner ears

What function does your vertebral column have?

Protects spinal cord, back muscle attachment

What is the benefit of having curves in your spine?

increase strength, flexibility, shock absorption

What is the auricular surface?

attaches to auricular surface of hip bones

Intervertebral discs

Shock absorption

Body of vertebrae

Supports bodyweight

Intervertebral foramen

passageway for spinal nerves between vertebrae

Vertebral foramen

where spinal cord sits

Transverse process

back/shoulder muscle attachment

Spinous process

back muscle attachment

Superior articular process

articulates w/ vertebrae above it

Inferior articular processes

Articulates w/ vertebra below it

What is the function of the sternum?

Anchors thoracic cage (rib cage) protects the heart

What is the function of the rib cage?

Protects hearts, lungs, forms wall of thoracic cavity

Costal cartilage

lets thoracic cage expand/contract a little when breathing

Which bones are in the appendicular region?

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle, upper/lower limbs, pelvic

Which bones are in the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle/scapula

Which bones are in the pelvic girdle?

hip bone- illium, ischium

Arm joints

1 bone, shoulder joint to wrist joint

Leg joints

2, knee to ankle joint

Clavicle

supports scapula, extends range of motion of shoulder joint

Acromion

attaches to clavicle

Coracoid process

muscle/ligament attachment site

Glenoid cavity

attaches to head of humerus

head of humerus

articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.

Subscapular fossa

attachment site for subscapularis muscle

Supraspinous fossa

attachment site for supraspinatus muscle

Infraspinous fossa

attachment site for infraspinatus muscle

Greater tubercle

attachment site for 3 rotator cuff muscles

Lesser tubercle

attachment site for 1 rotator cuff muscle

Intertuberculuar sulcus

attachment site for tendon of biceps brachii

deltoid tuberosity

attachment site for deltoid muscle

Capitulum

articulates w/ head of radius

Trochlea/trochlea notch

articulates w/ trochlear notch at ulna

Lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus

attachment site for muscles

Coronoid fossa

receives ulna during elbow flexion

Olecranon fossa

receives ulna during elbow extension

Olecranon

attachment site for triceps brachii (upper arm muscle)

Head of the radius

Articulates w/ capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna

Radial tuberosity

attachment site for biceps brachii

Ulnar notch

articulates w/ head of ulna

Radial notch

articulates w/head of radius

Ulnar tuberosity

attachment site for brachialis

Styloid processes of radius and ulna

attachment site for wrist ligaments

Iliac crest

attachment site for abdominal, back muscles

Acetabulum

articulates with head of femur

Head of femur

articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint

Greater sciatic notch

passageway for sciatic nerve

Greater and lesser trochanter

attachment site for muscles

Gluteal tuberosity

attachment site for gluteus maximus muscle

Linea aspera

attachment site for muscles

Medial and lateral condyles

articulates w/ tibia

Medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur

attachment site for muscles, knee ligaments

Tibial tuberosity

attachment site for quadriceps femoris

Medial and lateral malleolus

attachment site for ankle ligaments

What does your patella do for you?

Increase leverage, lifts tendon up from knee joint, prevents rubbing ofmuscle to femur

What are some adaptations in your foot bones to help with upright walking?

Toes can bend upward/downward for more mobility to roll forward on foot. Your arch stores energy like spring w/e ach step

Describe and give an example of : Synarthrosis joint

Immobile/nearly immobile: sutures, gomphosis

Describe and give an example of : Amphiarthrosis joint

semi-mobile: syndesmosis

Describe and give an example of : Diarthrosis joint

Freely mobile: pubic symphysis

Describe and give an example of: Fibrous joint

connective tissue: sutures, gomphosis, syndesmosis

Describe and give an example of Cartilaginous joint : Synchondrosis joint

Cartilage connects to bone : hyaline cartilage ex. costal cartilage

Describe and give an example of Cartilaginous joint: Sympyhsis joint

Cartilage connects to bone : fibrocartilage ex. pubic symphysis

Describe and give an example of: Synovial joint

Joint capusle connects bone, reduce friction inside bone: knee/elbow

Ligaments connect ___ to bone

bone

Tendons connect ___ to bone

muscle

Know the function of these parts of synvoial joints: synvoial fluid

reduce friction between bones

Know the function of these parts of synvoial joints: articular cartilage

hyaline cartilage, reduces bone to bone friction