LPD flashcards

Caring

Core concept of nursing that builds trust through compassion, respect, and support to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction.

ANA Code of Ethics (Provision 1)

Nurses practice with compassion, respect, dignity, and recognition of each person's unique attributes.

NCLEX (Caring)

Caring is an integrated process throughout nursing practice.

Culturally Congruent Practice

Providing evidence-based nursing care while respecting the client's cultural beliefs, values, traditions, and preferences.

Goal of Culturally Congruent Practice

Reduce health disparities, improve health outcomes, and deliver individualized care.

Cultural Humility

A lifelong process of self-reflection, recognizing personal bias, addressing inequities, and partnering with communities.

Population Trends by 2060

Minority population will increase from 37% to 57%, and adults age 65 and older will increase from 16% to 23%.

Older Adults

Remaining in the workforce longer.

Asian American

Federally defined minority group.

Black/African American

Federally defined minority group.

Hispanic/Latino

Federally defined minority group.

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander

Federally defined minority group.

American Indian/Alaska Native

Federally defined minority group.

Poverty

Social factor that negatively affects health outcomes.

Homelessness

Social factor that limits access to healthcare and affects health outcomes.

Unemployment

Economic factor associated with poor health outcomes.

Lack of Insurance

Barrier to accessing healthcare services.

Limited Healthcare Access

Contributes to health disparities and poor outcomes.

Anxiety

Possible consequence of economic and social challenges.

Depression

Possible consequence of economic and social challenges.

Substance Abuse

Possible consequence of economic and social challenges.

Violence

Possible consequence of economic and social challenges.

LGBTQ+ Health Equity

Equal treatment, respect, inclusion, and culturally congruent care for LGBTQ+ individuals.

Discrimination

Can lead to delayed healthcare, poor outcomes, and reduced access to care.

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

Conditions in which people live, learn, work, worship, and play that greatly affect health outcomes.

Neighborhood & Built Environment

SDOH domain involving housing, safety, transportation, and environmental conditions.

Healthcare Access & Quality

SDOH domain involving access to quality healthcare services.

Social & Community Context

SDOH domain involving relationships, social support, and community engagement.

Education Access & Quality

SDOH domain involving educational opportunities and literacy.

Economic Stability

SDOH domain involving income, employment, and financial security.

Income

Example of a social determinant of health.

Employment

Example of a social determinant of health.

Education

Example of a social determinant of health.

Housing

Example of a social determinant of health.

Transportation

Example of a social determinant of health.

Food Security

Reliable access to nutritious food.

Social Support

Availability of supportive relationships that influence health.

Access to Healthcare

Ability to obtain appropriate healthcare services.

Nurse's Role in SDOH

Assess food insecurity, transportation issues, housing concerns, financial barriers, and lack of insurance; educate, refer to resources, and advocate for clients.

Promoting Equity in Nursing Education

Teaching SDOH, increasing community experiences, addressing racism, promoting inclusion, and recruiting diverse faculty.

Diversity in the Nursing Workforce

Improves communication, patient trust, cultural understanding, and patient outcomes.

Minority Nurses

Approximately 19% of the nursing workforce.

Male Nurses

Approximately 9% of the nursing workforce.

Goal of Workforce Diversity

Increase diversity within the nursing profession.

Retaining Nurses

Use flexible scheduling, safe staffing, positive work environments, better ergonomics, fair hiring, and reduced implicit bias.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

Use of the best current research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to guide patient care.

EBP Formula

Research + Clinical Expertise + Patient Preferences = Best Practice.

Purpose of EBP

Improve quality and safety of patient care.

Benefits of EBP

Better patient outcomes, lower healthcare costs, higher quality care, and safer nursing practice.

Entry-Level Nursing Competencies

Advance nursing scholarship, integrate best evidence, and promote ethical research.

PICOT

Framework used to develop clinical questions.

P (PICOT)

Patient or Population.

I (PICOT)

Intervention.

C (PICOT)

Comparison.

O (PICOT)

Outcome.

T (PICOT)

Time.

Search for Evidence

Use journals, guidelines, experts, textbooks, and databases.

Critically Appraise Evidence

Evaluate validity, reliability, and applicability of research.

Apply the Evidence

Combine research, clinical judgment, and patient preferences.

Evaluate Outcomes

Determine whether the intervention improved patient care.

Disseminate Results

Share findings with staff, organizations, and the nursing profession.

Strategies to Promote EBP

Stay current, read journals, question outdated practices, collaborate, follow clinical guidelines, and support teaching with evidence.

Barriers to EBP

Lack of knowledge, lack of time, lack of resources, lack of administrative support, and lack of empowerment to change practice.

Promoters of EBP

EBP education, administrative support, resources, time, EBP policies, and collaboration.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Protects research participants.

Informed Consent

Participants must understand the study, participate voluntarily, know their rights, and be able to withdraw at any time.

Maraviroc (Selzentry)

CCR5 antagonist used to treat HIV infection in clients 16 years and older.

Action (Maraviroc)

Blocks CCR5 receptors on immune cells to prevent HIV from attaching and entering the cells.

Nursing Assessment (Maraviroc)

Monitor liver function tests, including liver enzymes.

Administration (Maraviroc)

Take with or without food at the prescribed dose.

Side Effects (Maraviroc)

Upper respiratory tract infections, cough, rash, muscle pain, abdominal pain, and dizziness.

Adverse Effects (Maraviroc)

Hepatotoxicity.

Interactions (Maraviroc)

CYP3A inhibitors increase drug levels; CYP3A inducers and St. John's wort decrease effectiveness.

Contraindications (Maraviroc)

History of hypersensitivity to maraviroc or its components.

Precautions (Maraviroc)

Pregnancy Category B; breastfeeding is not recommended due to risk of drug transmission in breast milk.

Client Teaching (Maraviroc)

Report signs of liver toxicity such as itching, jaundice, vomiting, or right upper quadrant pain.

Medication Outcome (Maraviroc)

Decreases HIV replication and helps prevent progression to AIDS.

Methotrexate (Trexall)

Antimetabolite and folic acid analog used to treat cancer and autoimmune disorders.

Action (Methotrexate)

Inhibits folic acid metabolism, preventing DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells.

Therapeutic Use (Methotrexate)

Kills rapidly dividing cells and provides immunosuppressive effects.

Nursing Assessment (Methotrexate)

Monitor CBC, renal and hepatic function, pregnancy status, and assess for bleeding, rash, or dry cough.

Administration (Methotrexate)

High-alert medication requiring independent double-checks of medication, dose, and infusion pump settings.

Side Effects (Methotrexate)

Alopecia, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, menstrual irregularities, and myelosuppression.

Adverse Effects (Methotrexate)

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, blurred vision, transient blindness, infertility, acute renal failure, aplastic anemia, seizures, interstitial pneumonitis, and secondary malignancy.

Interactions (Methotrexate)

High-dose salicylates, proton pump inhibitors, and warfarin increase hematologic toxicity; caffeine decreases therapeutic effects.

Contraindications (Methotrexate)

Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation, alcohol use disorder, hepatic impairment, and severe immunosuppression.

Precautions (Methotrexate)

Use cautiously in peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative colitis, history of cranial radiation, renal impairment, active infection, and females of childbearing age.

Client Teaching (Methotrexate)

Avoid crowds, perform frequent hand hygiene, use contraception, report infection, rash, bleeding, or dyspnea, avoid immunizations without provider approval, and use sunscreen.

Medication Outcome (Methotrexate)

Decreases the size and spread of malignant cells.