105- Personality and Individual differences

personality definiton

a set of behaviorual emotional and cognitive tendencies that people displat over time and across situations. Traits are constant and differ from states which are temporary

factor analysis

list of 10 items into themes and reduces it into smaller factors like agreeablness or openess etc

Big 5 (ocean)

openess

conscientiousness- highest rate of sucess

extraversion

agreeablenesss

neuroticism

Myer Briggs ( not as reliable as OCEAN)

not a great predictor of outcomes

Openess breaks into

Intellect- formulate ideas clearly

Openess - enjoy learinung and being creative

alice in wonderland

conscientiouness breaks into

industriousness- hardworking and determined

orderliness- tidy, detailed and follow rules

Extraversion breaks into

enthusiasm- express feelings and warm up to people quickly

assertivness- prone to take charge and captivate an audience

agreeableness breaks into

compassion- caring about other people emotions

politness- respect authority and other people opinions

neuroticism breaks into

volatility- easily angered and moody

withdrawl- worry about things and are overwhelmed

plasticity includes

extraversion and openess/intellect

stability includes

neuroticism, agreeablness and conscientiousness

plasticity

approach behaviours and explorations like being creative, social, seeking reward, closely tied to dopamine

dopamine

linked to plasticity, dopamine is like that feels good I want more.

• non infintie, but renewable

• too large dopamine spike will result in a large decrease of dopamine( making you want more)- meaning that you go below baseline rather than returning to baseline

• this can cause addiction

ex- large intake of cocaine means large spikes of dopamine meaning one cant get pleasure from normal everyday activities anymore

Hormesis

voluntarily exposing yourself to stress, which leads to a higher baseline dopamine levels

hormesis upregulates dopamine receptors

stability

linked to serotonin which produces effects on mood, behaviour and cognition

• that was good I dont need any more, very stable and healthy mindset

• attaining high status and feeling consent is connected to high serotonin levels

diary studies/ experience sampling

people can alter their behaviours to seem a certain way

is personality effected by genes

nature(genetics)

nurture( environment)

• twins that are monozygotic (identical) are more similar in personality than just regular twisn therfore genes have a huge influence on personality

does culture influence personality

• leads to a decrease in individual personality

• in cultures where people are considered to be jack of all trades there is less personality

niche diversity with personality

big 5 dimensions are strongly intercorreclted in socities with LESS economic development, urbanization etc

OCEAN in relation to age and gender

c- the older you are the more consiosntess you get, women are more consiou than men

a- more agreeable with age, women more than men

n- men are less neurotic

o and e remain same