NMAT Chem

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 10 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/55

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Chemistry

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

56 Terms

1
New cards

Density

Mass per unit volume

2
New cards

Specific gravity

Can be used to determine if object will sink or float

3
New cards

Intensive property

Properties that does not depend on the amount of matter in a substance; value doesn’t change no matter how many or few

4
New cards

Boiling point

Intensive property; temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor

5
New cards

Extensive property

Properties that depend on the amount of matter in a substance

6
New cards

Chemical property

Properties that are determined without changing the identity of the substance; dependent on the composition

7
New cards

Solubility

Maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a particular solvent under specific conditions; often expressed as a ratio or other measures of concentration

8
New cards

Unsaturated

Contains less solute than the solvent is capable of dissolving under the given conditions; amount dissolved is less than maximum

9
New cards

Saturated

Contains the maximum quantity of solute that is normally possible at a given temperature; not all will be dissolved

10
New cards

Supersaturated

Contains more solute than normally expected for a saturated solution; amount of solute is more than maximum; can only be achieved if you alter or lower the solubility

11
New cards

Molarity

<p></p>
12
New cards

Protons

Positively charged sub-atomic particle with a mass of 1.67×10-27 kg

13
New cards

Neutrons

Neutral charge and has a mass of 1.67×10-27 kg

14
New cards

Electrons

Negatively charged particles with a mass of 9.11×10-31 kg that is considered to be negligible; not in nucleus; lightest mass

15
New cards

Atomic number

Equal to the number of protons

16
New cards

Mass number

Equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons

17
New cards

Charge

Equal to the difference between number of protons and the number of electrons

18
New cards

Atomic weight

Weighted average of the mass numbers of the isotopes of that particular element

19
New cards

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element but have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons, thus different mass number

20
New cards

Isotones

Elements with the same number of neutrons

21
New cards

Isobars

Atomic species having the same mass number but different atomic number

22
New cards

Isoelectronic

Elements having the same number of electrons

23
New cards

Metals

Gives electrons; highly conductive for heat and electricity

24
New cards

Nonmetals

Receives electrons; poor conductors; high electronegativities and ionization energies

25
New cards

Aufbau principle

Electrons occupy lowest energy orbitals and builds up

26
New cards

Hund’s rule

Electrons occupy empty orbitals before doubling

27
New cards

Ionic bonds

Transfer of electrons

28
New cards

Covalent bonds

Sharing of electrons

29
New cards

Dipole-dipole & Hydrogen bonding

Strongest electrostatic interactions

30
New cards

Ideal gas equation

<p></p>
31
New cards

Synthesis

Two or more elements or compounds combine to make a more complex substance

32
New cards

Decomposition

Compounds break down into simpler substances

33
New cards

Single replacement

Occurs when one element replaces another in a compound

34
New cards

Double replacement

Occurs when different atoms in two different compounds trade places

35
New cards

Oxidation

Loss of electrons

36
New cards

Reduction

Gain of electrons

37
New cards

Limiting reagent

Reactant that is first to be totally consumed halting further reactions

38
New cards

Excess reagent

Reactant that is left when the limiting reagent is consumed

39
New cards

Enthalpy

Total energy of an object or system

40
New cards

Endothermic

Reactions require addition of energy; product has higher enthalpy than reactant

41
New cards

Exothermic

Reactions require removal of energy; product has a lower enthalpy than reactant

42
New cards

Spontaneous reactions

Reactions that require a very small activation energy and can start without external interference

43
New cards

Le chatelier’s principle

When an equilibrium system is subjected to a change in temperature, pressure, or concentration of a reacting species, the system responds by attaining a new equilibrium that partially offsets the impact of the change

44
New cards

Arrhenius acid

H+ producer

45
New cards

Arrhenius base

OH- producer

46
New cards

Brønsted-lowry acid

H+ donor

47
New cards

Brønsted-lowry base

H+ acceptor

48
New cards

Lewis acid

Electron-pair acceptor

49
New cards

Lewis base

Electron-pair donor

50
New cards

Acids

Sour in taste; corrosive to most metals

51
New cards

Bases

Bitter in taste; slippery to the touch

52
New cards

Titrant

Substance with known concentration to be added

53
New cards

Analyte

Substance whose unknown concentration is to be determined

54
New cards

Indicator

Substance that changes property under certain conditions to signal when to stop adding the titrant

55
New cards

Equivalence point

Added titrant neutralizes the analyte

56
New cards

End point

Point when the pH changes the color of the indicator