CHEM 21.31 Topic 1.4 Periodic Table and Chemical Nomeclature

periodic table

based on the periodic law

periodic law

elements display a regular and periodic variation in their properties

periods

horizontal rows of periodic table

groups

vertical columns of periodic table

alkali metals

common name of group 1

alkaline earth metals

common name of group 2

halogens

common name of group 17

noble gases

common name of group 18

metals

shiny, malleable, and ductile

nonmetals

not shiny, malleable, or ductile

metalloids/semimetals

have chemical properties intermediate of metals and nonmetals

organic chemistry

study of the compounds of the element carbon, usually with oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen

isomers

different organic molecules that have the same formula but are connected differently

inorganic chemistry

study of all elements, other than carbon, and their compounds

functional groups

arrangement of atoms that tend to display similar chemical properties

hydrocarbons

contains only H and C atoms

chemical nomenclature

systematic means of assigning names to chemical compounds

binary compounds

compounds that contain only two elements

oxyanions

polyatomic ions containing oxygen and another element