Topic 3 : Tourism Cluster

Tourism System

A framework consisting of tourist generating regions, tourist destination regions, and transit routes.

Components of the Tourism System

Key elements include tourist generating regions, tourist destination regions, and transit routes that influence travel volume and direction.

Push Factors

Conditions in tourist generating regions that encourage individuals to travel.

Pull Factors

Attractions in tourist destination regions that draw tourists to visit.

Interdependence

The mutual reliance between tourists, businesses, and organizations in generating and destination regions.

Environmental Interactions

The way tourism activities affect local nature, communities, and economies.

Growth of Tourism

Driven by individuals seeking relaxation and unique experiences, supported by increased incomes.

Ability to Travel

Enhanced by disposable income, leisure time, and lower travel costs.

Mobility in Travel

Expansion of public transport and increased private car ownership facilitating travel.

Exploration Stage

Initial phase where few tourists visit primary attractions, leading to local service offerings.

Development Stage

Increased tourist numbers and man-made attractions, leading to a tourism-dependent economy.

Stagnation Stage

Peak tourist numbers causing negative impacts, followed by potential decline or rejuvenation.

Personality Spectrum

Range of tourist personalities from Dependables to Venturers, influencing travel behavior.

Dependables

Tourists who prefer structure, cautious spending, and companionship.

Venturers

Tourists who seek adventure, spend freely, and prefer independence.

Globalization in Tourism

The ongoing increase in international tourist arrivals and diversity in tourism.

Diversity in Demand

Rising interest in lesser-known destinations and new tourism experiences.

Diversity in Supply

Growth of small operators and shift from traditional to online marketing.

Economic Impact

Interdependence of tourist generating and destination regions affecting local economies.

Positive Economic Impact

Job creation and increased income from tourist spending.

Negative Economic Impact

Economic leakages and overreliance on tourism leading to vulnerability.

Social Impact

Mutual influence between tourists and local communities at destination regions.

Positive Social Impact

Increased interest in preserving cultural practices and environmental protection.

Negative Social Impact

Commodification of culture and potential conflicts between locals and tourists.

Environmental Impact

Natural environments provide ecosystem services, but tourism can lead to degradation.

Positive Environmental Impact

Conservation efforts and restoration of ecosystems due to tourism.

Negative Environmental Impact

Pollution and resource depletion caused by tourism development.

Economic Sustainability

Tourism development should provide ongoing employment and income growth.

Social and Environmental Sustainability

Respect for local cultures and conservation of natural heritage.

Sustainable Tourism Development

Achieved by balancing economic, social, and environmental principles.

Stakeholder Influence

Governments and organizations create policies, while businesses and communities engage in decision-making.

Conflicting Priorities

Challenges arise from differing stakeholder needs and control over resources.

Ecotourism

A spectrum of approaches focused on conservation, with limitations in continuity and community involvement.

Community-Based Tourism

Small-scale tourism managed by locals, facing challenges from larger operators.

Pro-Poor Tourism

Aimed at improving livelihoods of the poor, but limited in poverty reduction effectiveness.

Sustainable Tourism Production

Ensuring resource demands do not exceed supply through responsible stakeholder practices.

Sustainable Tourism Consumption

Managing demand and promoting responsible tourist behavior.

Equitable Distribution

Effective management to ensure tourism benefits are shared and negative trade-offs minimized.