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Tourism System
A framework consisting of tourist generating regions, tourist destination regions, and transit routes.
Components of the Tourism System
Key elements include tourist generating regions, tourist destination regions, and transit routes that influence travel volume and direction.
Push Factors
Conditions in tourist generating regions that encourage individuals to travel.
Pull Factors
Attractions in tourist destination regions that draw tourists to visit.
Interdependence
The mutual reliance between tourists, businesses, and organizations in generating and destination regions.
Environmental Interactions
The way tourism activities affect local nature, communities, and economies.
Growth of Tourism
Driven by individuals seeking relaxation and unique experiences, supported by increased incomes.
Ability to Travel
Enhanced by disposable income, leisure time, and lower travel costs.
Mobility in Travel
Expansion of public transport and increased private car ownership facilitating travel.
Exploration Stage
Initial phase where few tourists visit primary attractions, leading to local service offerings.
Development Stage
Increased tourist numbers and man-made attractions, leading to a tourism-dependent economy.
Stagnation Stage
Peak tourist numbers causing negative impacts, followed by potential decline or rejuvenation.
Personality Spectrum
Range of tourist personalities from Dependables to Venturers, influencing travel behavior.
Dependables
Tourists who prefer structure, cautious spending, and companionship.
Venturers
Tourists who seek adventure, spend freely, and prefer independence.
Globalization in Tourism
The ongoing increase in international tourist arrivals and diversity in tourism.
Diversity in Demand
Rising interest in lesser-known destinations and new tourism experiences.
Diversity in Supply
Growth of small operators and shift from traditional to online marketing.
Economic Impact
Interdependence of tourist generating and destination regions affecting local economies.
Positive Economic Impact
Job creation and increased income from tourist spending.
Negative Economic Impact
Economic leakages and overreliance on tourism leading to vulnerability.
Social Impact
Mutual influence between tourists and local communities at destination regions.
Positive Social Impact
Increased interest in preserving cultural practices and environmental protection.
Negative Social Impact
Commodification of culture and potential conflicts between locals and tourists.
Environmental Impact
Natural environments provide ecosystem services, but tourism can lead to degradation.
Positive Environmental Impact
Conservation efforts and restoration of ecosystems due to tourism.
Negative Environmental Impact
Pollution and resource depletion caused by tourism development.
Economic Sustainability
Tourism development should provide ongoing employment and income growth.
Social and Environmental Sustainability
Respect for local cultures and conservation of natural heritage.
Sustainable Tourism Development
Achieved by balancing economic, social, and environmental principles.
Stakeholder Influence
Governments and organizations create policies, while businesses and communities engage in decision-making.
Conflicting Priorities
Challenges arise from differing stakeholder needs and control over resources.
Ecotourism
A spectrum of approaches focused on conservation, with limitations in continuity and community involvement.
Community-Based Tourism
Small-scale tourism managed by locals, facing challenges from larger operators.
Pro-Poor Tourism
Aimed at improving livelihoods of the poor, but limited in poverty reduction effectiveness.
Sustainable Tourism Production
Ensuring resource demands do not exceed supply through responsible stakeholder practices.
Sustainable Tourism Consumption
Managing demand and promoting responsible tourist behavior.
Equitable Distribution
Effective management to ensure tourism benefits are shared and negative trade-offs minimized.
