muscular system

which is made of proteins - skeletal muscles, Smooth Muscle, and Cardiac muscle

all

Skeltal muscles are…

usually in pairs

requires a nervous impulse to contract

Parallel fibers

multinucleated

Each muscle is covered in connective tissue

striated

contraction is controlled by what

cerebral motor cortex

nerve connects muscle at what

motor end point

what attaches bone to bone

ligaments

muscle fibers are made up of a series of small section called

sarcomeres

each sarcomere is made up of what

actin and myosin

what makes the striation

the alternation between the light actin and the thick myosin

what is it called when actin and myosin slide together

contraction (sarcomere gets shorter)

when actin and myosin slide away from each other what is it called

relaxation (sarcomere gets longer)

what is actin attached to on both sides of the sarcomere

Z line

light areas (actin) are called what

I bands

dark areas between the I bands is called what

A bands

when the sarcomere is relaxed and myosin in middle of A band is exposed what is that called

H zone

Cardiac muscle is…

Branching

striated

will contract without nervous innervation

pacemaker - SA node

multinucleated

intercalated discs

involentary

smooth muscle is…

found in iris of eye

nonstriated

single nucleus

spindle shaped

involuntary

must have nervous innervation to contract

from brain stem

Actin is covered by what

strip of tropomyosin with troponin molecules attached

myosin is covered in what

movable myosin heads to move actin

what is the sliding filament theory

myosin slides the actin causing the shortening of sarcomere

shortening the sarcomere is an

all or none pattern

muscles are anchored at

the orgin

muscles move at

the insertion

why are muscles in pairs

so they can move in both directions

flexors bend and extensors straighten

example is bicep brachii and tricep brachii

muscle is attached to bone at

tendons

more muscle fibers contract =

more muscle strength

what takes more muscle fiber to pick up a penny or a backpack

backpack

what are the two different muscular hypertrophy

sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar

what is sarcoplasmic hypertrophy

during saroplasmic hypertrophy the volume of sarcoplasmic fluid increase with little increase in muscular strength

what is myofibular hypertrophy

during myofibular hypertrophy, actin and myosin contractile proteins increase muscular strength with little increase in muscle size

what does insulin allow

glucose to enter cells from blood stream

what is microtrauma

tiny damage to the muscle fibers

microtrauma can mean what

you are making more muscle fibers

benefits of lactic acid

angiogenisis (growth of new blood vessels)

do you have both type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers

yes

what is type 1 muscle fibers

endurance

what are type 2 muscle fibers

sprints

what is an essential amino acid

an amino acid you have to get from your diet

what is a non essential amino acid

an amino acid your body naturally makes

how many amino acids are there

20