Chapter 2 Criminology

self-report surveys reveal

self-report surveys reveal

unrecorded offenders commit a wide variety of offenses, rather than specializing in one type of offense

the life-course perspective argues that

the frequency of criminal involvement depends on social factors such as economic situation, peer pressure, and lifestyle

which of the following is true of the relationship between age and crime

A. gang membership is ordinarily confined to individuals under age 14

B. people age 65 and over account for less than 1% of all arrests

C. in any given year, approximately half of all arrests are of individuals above age 30

D. juveniles account for over 40 percent of arrests for index crimes

B

For the purposes of research, which group is not considered a vulnerable population?

adult females

to learn how the causes of crime vary at different ages, Alfred Blumstein and his colleagues suggest that criminologists study

criminal careers

Which is the following is not true of the UCR?

A. they include the number of offenses cleared by arrest

B. they differentiate between completed acts and attempted acts

C. They include data on reported crimes

D. they provide crime rates

B

A(n) ___ is an analysis of all pertinent aspects of one unit of study, such as an individual, institution, group, or community

case study

which of the following is a limitation of self-report surveys?

A. the questionnaires represent too broad a range of criminal acts

B. many self-report measures lack validity

C. They reinforce the assumption that only a small percentage of the general population commit crimes

D. most self-report surveys yield information that applies only to old people

B

What are some of the limitations of the National Crime Victimization Surveys?

A. The NCVS includes only seven offenses

B. the data reported suffers from the fact that memories may fade over time

C. some individual variations in interviewing and recording style occur, resulting in variation in the information recorded

D. all of the above

D

Which of the following offenses is measured by the NCVS?

A. homicide

B. Rape

C. commercial burglary

D. arson

B

___ states that the criminal act must be accompanied by an equally criminal mind

the concurrence requirement

which of the following is true of criminal acts?

A. most personal thefts are committed at night

B. juvenile violent crimes mostly occurs during the early hours of the morning

C. most crimes are committed in small cities and suburbs

D. nationwide crime rates vary by season

D.

__ allows scientists to test hypotheses about how two or more variables are related

experimentation

__ are severe crimes, subject to punishments of a year or more in prison or to capital punishment

felonies

__ states that the actor of a crime must achieve the result (harm) through their effort

causation requirement

the decline in criminal activities with age is known as __

the aging-out phenomenon

Part II offenses of the UCR are excluded from the NCVS for all of the following reasons except

A. the victims do not know that they have been victimized.

B. often the victims are willing participants.

C. they are not that serious.

D. many of them are considered victimless.

C

what type of data source suggests that the gender differences in crime may be narrowing?

self-report surveys

which of the following crimes is more likely to be committed by males than females?

A. shoplifting

B. aggravated assault

C. welfare fraud

D. prostitution

B

According to the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), which of the following crimes is considered to be crime against property?

A. vandalism

B. traffic violations

C. robbery

D. motor vehicle theft

D

True or false - 85% of prison inmates are blue-collar workers

true

true or false - All law enforcement agencies in the United States are required to contribute information on crime in their jurisdictions to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR).

true

true or false - Investigators who engage in participant observation take part in many of the activities of the groups in order to gain acceptance, but they generally make clear the purpose of their participation.

true

true or false - For the purposes of research, individuals that are under penal supervision are considered to be members of a "vulnerable population," and special provisions regarding informed consent and the protection of privacy must be taken when involving them in research.

true

true or false - The facts and observations that researchers gather for the purpose of a particular study are called secondary data

false